This book consists of 14 chapters covering important aspects in regards to various terrestrial ecosystems, wetlands, river systems, mine site rehabilitation, marsh ecology and heavy metals pollution. Also aims to fill some of the information gaps in ecological restoration, particularly in under-researched ecosystems around the world. Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in...

Dentistry, as a branch of medicine, has undergone continuous evolution over time. The scientific world focused its attention on the development new methods and materials with improved properties that meet needs patients. For this purpose, replacement so-called “passive” dental do not interact oral environment “smart/intelligent” have capability to change their shape, color, or size in response ...

Ochronosis or black joints disorder is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of homogentisic acidoxidase. Orthopaedic manifestations are common and mostly involve spine and large joints such as knee and hip.Arthropathy is progressive and will eventually leads to arthroplasty. Not being familiar with this disorder might lead todevastating complications. We present a 57 year-ol...

T he exquisite sensitivity of the human ear to sound depends on the proper function of mechanosensory hair cells that transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. Sound-induced deflections of bundles of actin-rich microvilli that protrude from the apical surface of hair cells evoke changes in the open probability of nonselective ion channels that modulate cellular excitability and syna...

BACKGROUND Endodontic treatment, involves removal of the dental pulp and its replacement by a root canal filling. Restoration of root filled teeth can be challenging due to structural differences between vital and non-vital root filled teeth. Direct restoration involves placement of a restorative material e.g. amalgam or composite directly into the tooth. Indirect restorations consist of cast m...

Introduction: Due to limitations of current treatments for degenerative disc disease, arthroplastic methods to repair the diseased disc have been proposed. The artificial disc is a mobile implant for degenerative disc replacement that attempts to lessen the degeneration of the adjacent elements following interbody fusion procedures. Because the success of artificial disc replacement depends on ...

Introduction: The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is a topic that has been studied extensively but it is still a challenge for dental practitioners. The aim of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance, fracture patterns and fracture location of endodontically treated human maxillary premolars restored with direct and indirect composite resin and ceramic restoration. Methods: E...

The problem of finding shortest paths arises in many contexts; testing restoration algorithms and developing design packages for large telecommunications networks are two cases where the simple task of finding sets of restoration paths can consume up to 95 per cent of the execution time of an application program. This paper presents experimental studies of several well-known shortestpaths algor...

the cu, pb, zn, ag-au deposit of amensif is located on the northern flank of the western high atlas. this deposit is hosted in lower cambrian carbonate bars and is structurally controlled by ne-sw to e-w trending fault structures and is spatially associated with the permian 273 ma azegour granite. ore reserves are around 0.5 mt and grades are 3.21% zn, 0.58% pb, 0.86% cu with 83.31 ppm ag and 0...