During the thirteenth century, the Jews in southern France (called “Provence” in Hebrew sources) experienced a cultural revolution. Following the arrival of Maimonides’ writings and the translation of his Guide of the Perplexed into Hebrew, a very distinctive tradition of philosophy and exegesis was developed. Basic works of Graeco-Arabic and Arabic philosophy were translated into Hebrew, in re...

This paper aims to figure out Nawawi al-Bantani and Muhammad al-‘Uthaimin about the heresy verses in Qur’an. research stems from problem of scholar’s views responses traditions that are considered heretical. From this controversy, article attempts analyze meaning Nawawi’s interpretation Marāḥ Labīd al-‘Uthaimin’s Tafsīr Qur’ān al-Karīm. These two works represent different religious schools regi...

The Prophet (saw) said: “Difference among my Ummah is a mercy.” emergence of new sects manifestation the current human thought. This thought movement always affects condition, both positive and negative influences. Ahmadiyah sect, including reformers Islamic world. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad al-Mahdi al-Masih. study uses library research approach. Revelation in perspective has been confirmed suras al-J...

Biometric discretization extracts a binary string from a set of real-valued features per user. This representative string can be used as a cryptographic key in many security applications upon error correction. Discretization performance should not degrade from the actual continuous features-based classification performance significantly. However, numerous discretization approaches based on inef...

We consider mechanism design and redesign for markets like Internet advertising where many frequent, small transactions are organized by a principal. Mechanisms for these markets rarely have truthtelling equilibria. We identify a family of winner-pays-bid mechanisms for such markets that exhibit three properties. First, equilibria in these mechanisms are simple. Second, the mechanisms’ paramete...

The strategic interactions among the designer of a mechanism and its participants can be modeled as a multi-stage game. The designer moves first by selecting a mechanism. The participants observe the mechanism, and move thereafter. For ease of exposition, we restrict our present attention to a two-stage game, in which the participants play a simultaneous-move (i.e., one-shot) game in the second...