ÐModi®ed guanosine monophosphates have been employed to introduce various functional groups onto RNA 50-ends. Applications of modi®ed RNA 50-ends include the generation of functionalized RNA libraries for in vitro selection of catalytic RNAs, the attachment of photoanity-tags for mapping RNA±protein interactions or active sites in catalytic RNAs, or the nonradioactive labeling of RNA molecules...

Overcoming the IC power challenge requires signal energy recovery, which can be achieved utilizing adiabatic charging principles and logically reversible computing in the circuit design. This paper demonstrates the energyefficiency of a Bennett-clocked adiabatic CMOS multiplier via a simulation model. The design is analyzed on the logic gate level to determine an estimate for the number of irre...

This paper investigates and clarifies how different definitions of reachability, observability, controllability, reconstructability and minimality that appear in the control literature, may be equivalent or different, depending on the type of linear system. The differences are caused by (1) whether or not the linear system has state dimensions that vary with time (2) bounds on the time axis of ...

We present an overview and analysis of existing work in the design of online testable reversible logic circuits, as well as propose new approaches for the design of such circuits. We explain how previously proposed approaches are unnecessarily high in overhead and in many cases do not provide adequate fault coverage. Proofs of the correctness of our approaches are provided, and discussions of t...

Reversible logic is gaining interest of many researchers due to its low power dissipating characteristic. In this paper we proposed a new approach for designing online testable reversible circuits. The resultant testable reversible circuit can detect any single bit error whiles it is operating. Appropriate theorems and lemmas are presented to clarify the proposed design. The experimental result...

A novel low power and Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (PFAL) 5-input OR Gate is presented in this paper. The power consumption and general characteristics of the PFAL 5 input OR gate are then compared against two low power 5-input OR Gate; Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL), Conventional CMOS 5-input OR Gate. The proposed PFAL 5-input OR Gate design was proven to be superior to the other ...

We present an algorithm for finding all time-reversible systems within a given family of 2-dim systems of ODE’s whose right-hand sides are polynomials. We also study an interconnection of time-reversibility and invariants of a subgroup of SL(2,C).

Reversibility is a concept widely studied in physics as well as in computer science. Reversible computation is characterized by means of invertible properties [1]. Quantum systems evolution is described by the time evolution operator U , which is unitary and invertible; therefore such systems can implement reversibility. Reversible/invertible Cellular Automata (CA) [1] are one of the most relev...

Sets provide a very general tool for representing information and modelling the behaviour of systems. We consider their implementation and associated problems of garbage collection in the context of reversible computation. We describe our implementation technique, which uses ordered arrays, and discuss scalability of performance.

Reversible computing is a paradigm of computation that extends the standard forward-only programming to reversible programming, so that programs can be executed both in the standard, forward direction, and backward, going back to past states. In this paper we present novel quantitative stochastic models for concurrent and cooperating reversible computations. More precisely, we introduce the cla...