An n × n complex sign pattern matrix S is said to be spectrally arbitrary if for every monic nth degree polynomial f(λ) with coefficients from C, there is a complex matrix in the complex sign pattern class of S such that its characteristic polynomial is f(λ). If S is a spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern matrix, and no proper subpattern of S is spectrally arbitrary, then S is a minimal sp...

This study is devoted to address the notion of duality in Fully Intuitionistic Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems (FIFLP). The problem is addressed by using a revised simplex method with the Gaussian elimination process in fully intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Intuitionistic Fuzzy Trapezoidal Numbers (IFTrpN), along with the basic arithmetic techniques defined on them help in solving the (FIFL...

We develop a general method for calculating statistical properties of the speckle pattern of coherent waves propagating in disordered media. In some aspects this method is similar to the Boltzmann-Langevin approach for the calculation of classical fluctuations. We apply the method to the case where the incident wave experiences many small angle scattering events during propagation, but the tota...

Received: 5 March 2009 Revised: 7 March 2010 Accepted: 10 March 2010 Online publication date: 1 July 2010 Abstract Cross-national distance is a key concept in the field of management. Previous research has conceptualized and measured cross-national differences mostly in terms of dyadic cultural distance, and has used the Euclidean approach to measuring it. In contrast, our goal is to disaggrega...

TSR (Traffic sign recognition) has been studied for realizing drivers assisting system and automated navigation and is an important studied field in ITS (Intelligent traffic system). In this paper, a recognition method of traffic signs separated from real image was studied. Images were divided into several categories according to the actual weather, distance and angle of view etc. SIFT was firs...

The performance of a Turbo code can be severely degraded if no trellis termination is employed. This paper investigates the implications of the choice of trellis termination method for Turbo codes, and explains the origin of the performance degradation often experienced without trellis termination. An efficient method to derive the distance spectrum of Turbo codes for different trellis terminat...

Clinical staging of accidental hypothermia is used to guide out-of-hospital treatment and transport decisions. Most clinical systems utilize core temperature, by measurement or estimation, stage hypothermia, despite the challenge obtaining accurate field measurements. Recent studies have demonstrated that estimation temperature imprecise.We propose a revision original Swiss Staging system. The ...

Sign language is natural media of communication for the hearing and speech impaired all over the world This paper presents vision based static sign gesture recognition system using neural network. This system enables deaf people to interact easily and efficiently with normal people. The system firstly convert images of static gestures of American Sign Language into Lab color space where L for l...