In recent years, it is becoming common to apply the metaphor of „economic bubble” to the description of certain phenomena in the academic field. The metaphor is generally used to refer to the difference between the expectable market value of the degree and the investments needed to receive it (see Deresiewicz 2011, Williams 2011, Wood 2011, Reynolds 2012). The analogy is with the economic pheno...

Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) has been employed to determine pseudo-turbulence characteristics of the flow field around bubble train forming in non-Newtonian caboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aqueous solution at low gas flow rate condition. The Reynolds stress and turbulent intensity of the liquid were investigated by means of Reynolds time-averaged method. The experimental results show that ax...