high speed trains are an indispensable part of rapid transportation systems in many countries. as the fastest means of transport on the ground, these trains are extremely sensitive to the terrain and track conditions. geometrical irregularities and mechanical characteristics of the track, together with inconsistencies in the lane (including bridges that support the track) are considered importa...

Stone columns consist of granular material compacted in long cylindrical holes. They are used for improving the strength and consolidation characteristics compressible soils. However, they still less effective at supporting heavy loads, since cannot transfer applied stresses to deeper layers soil. The main objective this numerical study was investigate geotechnical performance a combined founda...

Suction caisson foundations provide options for new foundation systems offshore structures, particularly wind turbine applications. During the design process, it is necessary to make reliable predictions of stiffness foundation, since this has an important influence on dynamic performance overall support structure. The characteristics structure, in turn, its fatigue life. This paper describes a...

field observations of the incurred damages to the buildings and bridges due to earthquakes in near field show there are various failure modes which are in relation to the forces caused by vertical component. while vertical component of earthquake for ordinary buildings in most seismic regulations and standards is not considered. therefore, in the current study the effects of vertical and horizo...

Abstract This paper approximately analyzes the dynamic response mode of building materials under impact load according to Lagrange equation. We use redundant constraint force statically indeterminate structure list its strain energy expression. At same time, introduces multiplier and combines static equilibrium equation obtain internal structure. The calculation results show that duration peak ...

Flexibility is a concept associated with variable needs of human beings.Today transformable structures are used to meet human changeable demands with different purposes and functions such as facades, roofs, sunshades, etc.A Flexible structure must be able to change physically and adapt to predetermined conditions.To provide flexibility and adaptability,transformable systems are required to poss...

The use of wind turbines to generate electricity has increased in recent years. One of the most important parts of a wind turbine is the foundation, which should be designed accurately because it is influenced by difference forces. Soil cannot carry tension stress; thus, when a wind turbine foundation is applied eccentricity forces, a gap appears between the soil and foundation. The gap will ha...

In the last few decades, it has been observed that raft foundations are very commonly used as a foundation solution for moderate to high rise structures either by resting on stone columns or piles in soft soils. It is believed that, combining and one system more suitable medium structures. The combined provides superior economical alternative pile, attractive respect ground improvement. This pa...

Simulating stiff materials in applications where deformations are either not significant or else can safely be ignored is a fundamental task across fields. Rigid body modeling has thus long remained critical tool and is, by far, the most popular simulation strategy currently employed for solids. At same time, rigid methods continue to pose number of well known challenges trade-offs including in...