This paper aims to provide an overview of the steps in developing a structured benefit-risk assessment, along with simple, salient, and timely example its implications. Using time-tested, non-prescription drug paracetamol (a.k.a. acetaminophen) as example, we demonstrate fundamental role well-structured assessment may play clarifying safety profile even well-established medicinal products. The ...

Introduction One of the central questions in radiological protection is the magnitude of the risks from low doses of radiation, related to the justification and optimization of the diagnostic medical exposures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the cancer incidence and mortality risks in children of different ages, sizes, and ethnicities undergoing computed tomography examination...

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The relatively high prevalence and recidivism rates of offenders with intellectual disabilities suggest research on appraising their risk is an important priority. Although research has found good predictive accuracy of available risk assessments with intellectually disabled (ID) offenders, we recommend several ways to improve on them: understanding the theoretical link between intellectual dis...

Background: Risk-of-bias assessments are now a standard component of systematic reviews. At present, reviewers need to manually identify relevant parts of research articles for a set of methodological elements that affect the risk of bias, in order to make a riskof-bias judgement for each of these elements. We investigate the use of text mining methods to automate risk-of-bias assessments in sy...

The Anglo-American legal system regularly looks to forensic practitioners to provide expert testimony on the likelihood that an individual will pose a risk to others. Experts may be asked to provide risk assessments in the criminal court (with reference to a reoffending risk against either the general public or an identifiable victim) or in the civil courts (usually with reference to named indi...

The printing press was a game-changing information technology. Risk assessment could be also. At present, risk assessments are commonly used as one-time decision aids: they provide justification for a particular decision, and afterwards usually sit on a shelf. However, when viewed as information technologies, their potential uses are much broader. Risk assessments: (1) are repositories of struc...