Background: Catastrophizing, when an individual overestimates the probability of a severe negative outcome, is related to various aspects mental ill-health. Here, we further characterize catastrophizing by investigating extent which self-reported associated with risk-taking, using online behavioural task and computational modelling. Methods: We performed two st...

AIM To describe the development of cannabis use in a birth cohort studied to the age of 21 years. METHODS The data were gathered during the Christchurch Health and Development Study. In this study a cohort of 1265 children born in the Christchurch urban region in mid 1997 has been studied to the age of 21 years. Information was gathered on patterns of cannabis use and dependence during the pe...

Although prey must move to forage, escape predation or gain information about predation risk, movement itself enhances the risk of predation by increasing visibility of prey and encounter rates with predators. Animals subjected to stressors often show altered behaviour; a widely cited effect of contaminant exposure is an increase in vulnerability to predation, which may be mediated by an increa...

BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms and risk behaviours often do not occur in isolation among adolescents and young adults. In order to improve intervention programmes, more research is needed to elucidate the clustering of risk behaviours, the association with depressive symptoms, and demographic variables. Therefore, this study examined the clustering of risk behaviours, the association with depre...

BACKGROUND There are growing worldwide concerns about the ability of primary health care systems to manage the major burden of illness in young people. Over two thirds of premature adult deaths result from risks that manifest in adolescence, including injury, neuropsychiatric problems and consequences of risky behaviours. One policy response is to better reorientate primary health services towa...

tempt was usually made to rescue the individual by sending out a fleet of canoes. The chances of the rescue succeeding depended on many factors including the availability of the canoes, the weather and the time of day or night. The individual therefore knew that the outcome of his suicide attempt was uncertain even if he did not really wish to end his life but was making an appeal or a protest....

rence of this newly defined disease, it would be difficult to detect if outcomes were determined only according to the presence or absence of injury events, as opposed to this more refined measure. Further, in the development ofmultivariable etiological models, one guiding principle is never to adjust for variables unless we understand how they relate to both the exposure and the outcome. If on...

We analyze a continuous-time model of dynamic project choices by an agent that is relevant to various important issues in financial economics. An agent controls the drift and volatility of a lognormal output process by dynamically selecting one of N projects. Under broad conditions, the optimal risk-taking policy is characterized by at most K − 1 unique switching triggers, where K is the number...