It is well known that reverse osmosis (RO) the leading desalination technology. As an energy intensive technology, exploitation of renewable sources (RES) to power RO systems a attractive option. A strategy take advantage all available off-grid system work with under variable operating conditions. This implies additional challenges in terms water production and permeate quality, among others. B...

The correlation between water and energy is currently the focus of several investigations. In particular, desalination is a technological process characterized by high energy consumption; nevertheless, desalination represents the only practicable solution in several areas, where the availability of fresh water is limited but brackish water or seawater are present. These natural resources (energ...

Reverse osmosis (RO) is the most important membrane technology for desalination of water. Measured water and salt fluxes are traditionally analyzed in context solution-diffusion (SD) model which leads to a permeability, A, B. However, this parametrization flux not correct by RO membranes, because these membranes show markedly different retentions feed concentrations, classical observation liter...

Solar energy, amongst all renewable energies, has attracted inexhaustible attention over the world as a supplier of sustainable energy. The energy requirement major seawater desalination processes such multistage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) are fulfilled by burning fossil fuels, which impact environment significantly due to emission greenhouse gases. in...

The natural and pumping-induced controls on groundwater salinization in the coastal aquifers of North Carolina, USA, and the implications for the performance of a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant have been investigated. Since installation of the well field in the Yorktown aquifer in Kill Devil Hills of Dare County during the late 1980s, the groundwater level has declined and salinity of ...

Batch reverse osmosis (RO) is a promising approach to high-recovery desalination. It has low energy consumption, but system size increases sharply with recovery because of the need for large work exchange vessel. In this study, we propose compact hybrid batch/semi-batch (HBSRO) incorporating aspects each approach. HBSRO works in three phases, i.e. semi-batch pressurisation phase, batch and fina...

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the main membrane technologies currently used for desalination seawater and brackish water to produce freshwater. However, mechanism transport separation ions in RO membranes not yet fully understood. Besides acid–base reactions (i.e., including H+-ion), at high concentrations, salt can associate form ion pairs. In this study, we investigate how include formation ...

Desalination and water reuse technologies are critical for solving water problems. Unlocking water resources through the minimization of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate volume offers sustainable opportunities to meet the challenge. A pellet softening lime intermediate concentrate chemical stabilization (ICCS) reactor and a conventional lime softening ICCS for the treatment of RO concentrate we...

Vacuum-enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (VEDCMD) and forward osmosis (FO) were investigated for water recovery enhancement in desalination of brackish water. Past studies have demonstrated that both VEDCMD and FO can be effectively utilized in the treatment of a wide range of highly concentrated feed solutions. In the current study, two reverse osmosis (RO) brine streams with total...

Batch reverse osmosis (BRO) systems may enable a significant reduction in energy consumption for desalination and water reuse. BRO systems operate with variable pressure, by applying only slightly more pressure than is needed to overcome the osmotic pressure and produce reverse water flux. This study explains, quantifies, and optimizes the energy-saving performance of realistic batch designs im...