Water inrush is one of the most frequent and catastrophic hazards in tunnel engineering, poses serious threats to safety engineering personnel. This paper presents a case study water ground collapse Qingdao Metro Line 4, which caused cave-in with diameter depth about 30 m 6 m, respectively. Based on field data numerical modelling, causes disaster were analyzed. A model was used analyze changes ...

Magnetic records in sedimentary sequences are often used as paleoclimate proxies. Climate-specific alteration of magnetite during rock weathering the catchment might contribute to proxy variations sediment sinks. In an actualistic study, we investigated effects using weathered pebble material on basaltic parent rock. We collected samples from Deccan basalts (India) across a large difference mea...

A future development site of a housing estate, an abandoned-brick yard with clayey slopes was studied in details to assess slope stability and to calculate the factor of safety. The Oligocene clay, the former raw material, is divided into two different geotechnical units in the clay pit. The lower one consists of grey impermeable clays while the upper unit is characterised by yellowish weathere...

Despite its importance, only a few researchers have incorporated the effects of fracturing into models reactive transport for rock weathering. Here we explore 2D simulations that describe weathering under conditions diffusive and advective within heterogeneous media consisting rocky blocks fractures. In our simulations, Darcy velocities vary in space time depend on processes matrix. We with sat...

This article presents a critical review of two groups of studies that reported adverse effects to salmon and herring eggs and fry from exposure to 1 μg/L or less of aqueous total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH), as weathered oil, and a more toxic aqueous extract of "very weathered oil." Exposure media were prepared by continuously flowing water up through vertical columns containing gra...

The concentrations of cadmium in agricultural soils depend upon the amounts present in the parent rocks from which the soils form, the amounts added in the form of fertilizers and soil amendments, the amounts deposited onto soils from the atmosphere, and the amounts removed by harvested crops and by leaching. On average, sedimentary rocks contain greater concentrations of Cd than either igneous...

Vertical contrasts in permeability, particularly where permeable surface materials overlie impermeable materials that prohibit the downward infiltration of groundwater, concentrate the groundwater and become an important focus of landslides that are triggered by intense rainfall. Just such a hydrogeological structure is present within the pyroclastics in Nishigo Village in Fukushima Prefecture,...

It is customary in Hong Kong to assume that the hydraulic conductivity of weathered igneous rocks decreases with depth or as the rock mass becomes less weathered. Such a hydraulic conductivity pattern can only lead to an unconfined aquifer. This paper presents a case study in the regions in and around the Mid-Levels area in Hong Kong regarding a possible relatively high hydraulic conductivity (...

Data recorded of the Mormon Mesa by the airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometer SEBASS show that some massive carbonates exhibit dramatically reduced spectral contrast for the strong carbonate bands at 6.5 and 11.25 μm. If carbonates are present on Mars, this type of reduced spectral contrast in massive carbonates could explain why they have not been detected using remotely sensed thermal i...