Demembranated flagella from Euglena gracilis consisted of three distinct components: a 9 + 2 axoneme of microtubules, an extensive surface coating of long and short mastigonemes and a lattice-like axial fibre known as the paraflagellar rod. Negatively stained preparations of isolated paraflagellar rods showed the major structural unit to be a 22 nm filament oriented at approximately 45 degrees ...

OPs in the dark-adapted eye is similar to the scotopic luminosity function. In addition, his results show some of the features of the present study—particularly the large variation in the latency of rod-generated responses as a function of flash intensity and some of the changes in waveform of responses to orange flashes as intensity is reduced. The spectral sensitivity measurements of Wachtmei...

Mutation of rod photoreceptor-enriched transcription factors is a major cause of inherited blindness. We identified the orphan nuclear hormone receptor estrogen-related receptor beta (ERRbeta) as selectively expressed in rod photoreceptors. Overexpression of ERRbeta induces expression of rod-specific genes in retinas of wild-type as well as Nrl(-/-) mice, which lack rod photoreceptors. Mutation...

Traditional methods for studying the effects of rod activity on color vision make it hard to assess the underlying physiological mechanisms. In this study, rod-mediated changes in color appearance were assessed by matching them with cone-mediated color changes. A four-primary photostimulator allowed independent control of rod and cone stimulation and identification of the cone types that genera...

Application of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles to repair damaged enamel has attracted recent attention. In this study, HAp nanoparticles with various morphologies (spherical, short-rod, long-rod and fiber morphologies) were synthesized via chemical precipitation methods without the addition of template molecules, and the adsorption/desorption behaviors of a cationic antibacterial agent, cety...

There are many things that indicate agriculture has changed rapidly in the last ten years. Change occws SO fast that agriculture could overnight become something different from what it is today (Downey, 1986). Of the many changes agriculture experienced in the 1980s, some changes have been detrimental while others have been quite positive. One positive change is the greater opportunity for adul...

The basis of cross-suppression between rod and cone channels has long been an enigma. Using rabbit retinal connectome RC1, we show that all cone bipolar cell (BC) classes inhibit rod BCs via amacrine cell (AC) motifs (C1-6); that all cone BC classes are themselves inhibited by AC motifs (R1-5, R25) driven by rod BCs. A sparse symmetric AC motif (CR) is presynaptic and postsynaptic to both rod a...

Partial hydrolysis of human platelet or uterine smooth muscle myosin with insoluble papain yielded rod fragments, insoluble at low ionic strength and devoid of ATPase activity. This protein migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-8 M urea gel electrophoresis as a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 110,000 to 120,000 corresponding to the rod portion of myosin. Rabbit antibodies to p...

PURPOSE To examine the biochemical characteristics of rod and cone arrestin with respect to their ability to quench the activity of light-activated rhodopsin in transgenic mice. METHODS The mouse rod opsin promoter was used to drive expression of mouse cone arrestin in rod photoreceptor cells of rod arrestin knockout (arr1-/-) mice. Suction electrode recordings from single rods were performed...

OBJECTIVES To determine (1) reference values for cone and rod phototransduction variables derived from the a-wave of the electroretinogram, (2) their dependence on age, (3) the progression in cone and rod variables in patients with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP), and (4) the test-retest variability in these a-wave measures compared with the variability in cone and rod b-wave measures. P...