In recent years, a great popularization of the production electricity from photovoltaic systems has been observed, which gives hope for reducing environmental pollution and tackling shortage natural resources used generation. This article will focus on studying effect energy produced by grid-connected rooftop solar system small households.

This paper presents a scientific and technical description of the modelling framework and the main results of modelling the longterm average sediment delivery at hillslope to medium-scale catchments over the entire Murray Darling Basin (MDB). A theoretical development that relates long-term averaged sediment delivery to the statistics of rainfall and catchment parameters is presented. The deriv...

The objective of this study was to identify the main sources of variation in pesticide losses at field and catchment scales using the dual permeability model MACRO. Stochastic simulations of the leaching of the herbicide MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) were compared with seven years of measured concentrations in a stream draining a small agricultural catchment and one year of measure...

Fundamental mathematical principles were applied to calculate the return on investment (ROI) of a multiple inclination, rooftop-mounted, photovoltaic (PV) system that is connected structured tariff network. Recent history has seen disproportionate increase in electricity tariffs within South Africa, enabling an deployment rates PV technologies. Given inherent uncertainty associated with simulat...

[1] Primary productivity and vegetation cover are strongly related to how precipitation is partitioned into surface discharge, storage, and evapotranspiration (ET). Thus, quantifying feedbacks between changes in precipitation and vegetation at regional scales is a critical step toward predicting both carbon balance and water resources as climate and land cover change. We used a catchment-based ...

The importance of the mean annual runoff (MAR)-hydrological variable is paramount for catchment planning, development and management. MAR depicts the amount of uncertainty or chaos (implicitly information content) of the catchment. The uncertainty associated with MAR of quaternary catchments (QCs) in the Upper Vaal catchment of South Africa has been quantified through Shannon entropy. As a resu...

A common problem encountered by catchment managers is the estimation of design peak flow quantiles. Current practice, as discussed by Pilgrim (1987), is based either on the use of statistical approaches such as an at-site flood frequency analysis, or the use of a catchment modelling system to simulate catchment response to design rainfall. For many practical problems, the option of an at-site f...

Suburban areas are subject to strong anthropogenic modifications, which can influence hydrological processes. Sewer systems, ditches, sewer overflow devices and retention basins are introduced and large surface areas are sealed off. The knowledge of accurate flow paths and watershed boundaries in these suburban areas is important for storm water management, hydrological modelling and hydrologic...

SWATCATCH is a distributed model combined with databases within a GIS as the POPPIE system to predict pesticide concentrations in rivers at the catchment outlet. The model was evaluated against a dataset of pesticide concentrations in rivers of England and Wales. More than 2000 individual analyses in each of the years 1995 and 1997 covered approximately 150 catchment-pesticide combinations draw...