Following in vitro infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes wild strain (mannopine, 8196) and two A. tumefaciens transconjugant strains (C58C1 pArA4abc and C58C1 pArA4b) transformed (hairy) roots were induced in pumpkin (C. pepo L.) cotyledons. The presence of pRi T-DNA in pumpkin long-term hairy root cultures was determined by Southern hybridization. The influence of plant growth regulators on ...

Anatomical variation in the number of roots and root canals can occur in any tooth. Aberrant morphology of the root canal system may hinder cleaning and shaping procedures, leading to failure of endodontic treatment. The aim of this paper is to show one an example of root canal anatomical variation. Mandibular canines usually have one root with a centrally located root canal; however, anatomica...

AIM The aim of this clinical article is to describe the unusual anatomy that was detected in a maxillary first molar during routine endodontic treatment. BACKGROUND Variation in Root and Root canal morphology especially in multirooted teeth presents a constant challenge for a clinician in their detection and management. The literature is replete with cases that have extra canal or Root but ca...

The purpose of this study was to conduct a cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) investigation on the root and canal configuration of the mandibular first molars, especially the morphology of the disto-lingual (DL) root, in a Chinese subpopulation. A total of 910 CBCT images of the mandibular first molars were collected from 455 patients who underwent CBCT examinations as a preoperative assessm...

The phenotypic plasticity of plant is related to the ability to adapt its anatomy and morpho-functionality to environmental changes and it is expressed mainly by organs used for the uptake of resources, as leaves and roots (Smilauerova et al. 2002). Therefore the complexity and variability of radical system is the outcome of the root adaptation to soil heterogeneity (Waisel et al. 2002). Many a...

Avenacins are antimicrobial triterpene glycosides that are produced by oat (Avena) roots. These compounds confer broad-spectrum resistance to soil pathogens. Avenacin A-1, the major avenacin produced by oats, is strongly UV fluorescent and accumulates in root epidermal cells. We previously defined nine loci required for avenacin synthesis, eight of which are clustered. Mutants affected at seven...