1 A standard framework for facilitating the phenotyping of the shoot part (D. Moreau) 2 Acetylene reduction assay (ARA): protocol for estimating nitrogenase activity in M. truncatula root nodules (D. Moreau) 3 Techniques for phenotyping root architecture and nodulation development (V. Bourion, S. Fournier, H. De Larambergue and G. Duc) 4 C and N flux determination (C. Salon, A.S. Voisin, C. Jeu...

• The infection of white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) roots and the early stages in organogenesis of the lupinoid nodule are characterized in detail in this work. • Immunolabelling of Bradyrhizobium sp. ( Lupinus ) ISLU16 and green fluorescent protein labelling of Mesorhizobium loti NZP2037, two strains that induce nodulation in L. albus , allowed us to monitor the infection and morphogenesis proces...

Only species belonging to the Fabid clade, limited to four classes and ten families of Angiosperms, are able to form nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses (RNS) with soil bacteria. This concerns plants of the legume family (Fabaceae) and Parasponia (Cannabaceae) associated with the Gram-negative proteobacteria collectively called rhizobia and actinorhizal plants associated with the Gram-positiv...

Four isolates each of Bacillus and Rhizobium sp were selected and characterized for their P-solubilization and auxin production. All the isolates produced auxin but with different degree of efficacy. The isolates of Rhizobium and Bacillus having maximum auxin production and P-solubilization were selected and further evaluated for improving growth, nodulation and yield of mungbean at two fertili...

References 1 Taylor, L.P. and Grotewold, E. (2005) Flavonoids as developmental regulators. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 8, 317–323 2 Peters, N.K. et al. (1986) A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes. Science 233, 977–980 3 Fisher, R.F. and Long, S.R. (1992) Rhizobium–plant signal exchange. Nature 357, 655–660 4 Mathesius, U. et al. (1998) Auxin transport...

In a split-root system of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr), inoculation of one half-side suppressed subsequent development of nodules on the opposite side. At zero time, the first side of the split-root system of soybeans received Rhizobium japonicum strain USDA 138 as the primary inoculum. At selected time intervals, the second side was inoculated with the secondary inoculum, a mixture of R. jap...

Leguminous plants can enter into root nodule symbioses with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria known as rhizobia. An intriguing but still poorly understood property of the symbiosis is its host specificity, which is controlled at multiple levels involving both rhizobial and host genes. It is widely believed that the host specificity is determined by specific recognition of bacterially derived Nod fa...

Elevated atmospheric CO2 can influence the structure and function of rhizoplane and rhizosphere microorganisms by altering root growth and the quality and quantity of compounds released into the rhizoplane and rhizosphere via root exudation. In these studies we investigated the transcriptional responses of Bradyrhizobium japonicum cells growing in the rhizoplane of soybean plants exposed to ele...

The developmental program of nodulation is regulated systemically in leguminous host species. A mutant astray (Ljsym77) in Lotus japonicus has lost some sort of its ability to regulate this symtem, and shows enhanced and early nodulation. In the absence of rhizobia, this mutant exhibits characteristics associated with defects in light and gravity responses. These nonsymbiotic phenotypes of astr...

A hallmark trait of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), like other legumes, is the capability to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) in symbiotic association with Mesorhizobium ciceri. However, the complexity of molecular networks associated with the dynamics of nodule development in chickpea need to be analyzed in depth. Hence, in order to gain insights into the chickpea nodule dev...