BACKGROUND and Overview. With the increased use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments for root canal preparation in endodontics, instrument fracture has become more prevalent. Extensive research has been conducted on the physical properties and mechanical characteristics of NiTi rotary instruments, as well as the factors that can contribute to instrument failure. NiTi rotary instruments ...

Rotary encoders for rotational angle detection have been used in a variety of industrial applications, including detection of actuation and travel amounts and motor speed control. In automotive applications, rotary encoders are utilized for steering system angle detection, accelerator pedals and throttle valves to improve vehicle operability and safety. For every automotive application, the nee...

Aim and Objective: Endodontic retreatment is indicated in the event of a failure initial treatment root canal an that looks to be correctable with retreatment. This in-vitro study was designed assess efficacy passive ultrasonic irrigation endodontic retreatment, by employing scanning electron microscopes, on cleanliness dentine tubules without solvent curved channels. Material method: Sixty hum...

............................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ ii Objective ......................................................................................................................... ii De...