Store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels constitute a major pathway for Ca2+ influx and mediate many essential signalling functions in animal cells, yet how they open remains elusive. Here, we investigate the gating mechanism of the human CRAC channel Orai1 by its activator, stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1). We find that two rings of pore-lining residues, V102 and F99, w...

In this paper, we show that our proposed hybrid optoelectronic correlator (HOC), which correlates images using spatial light modulators (SLMs), detectors, and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), is capable of detecting objects in a scale and rotation invariant manner, along with the shift invariance feature, by incorporating polar Mellin transform (PMT). For realistic images, we cut out a s...

For the linear string baryon model q-q-q the small disturbances of its rotational motion (quasirotational states) are investigated. The spectrum of these states is obtained in the form of Fourier series and the complex eigenfrequencies are found in this spectrum. So the classic rotational motions of the linear string baryon model are unstable (unlike the similar motions for the string with mass...

Architectural vulnerability factor (AVF) is the probability that a transient fault in a bit, gate, or transistor becomes a user-visible error. AVFs vary widely across time, applications, and bits. Usually AVFs averaged over time and across applications are used to compute the overall soft error rate of a processor. Average AVFs, however, cannot express the short-term vulnerability variations of...

We propose definitions of QAC, the quantum analog of the classical class AC of constant-depth circuits with AND and OR gates of arbitrary fan-in, and QACC[q], the analog of the class ACC[q] where Modq gates are also allowed. We prove that parity or fanout allows us to construct quantum MODq gates in constant depth for any q, so QACC[2] = QACC. More generally, we show that for any q, p > 1, MODq...

Pei Chen1, Xiucong Sun2, and Chao Han3 Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China Nomenclature U = gravitational potential, m2/s2 T = gravity gradient tensor (GGT), E TECEF = GGT in ECEF, E TENU = GGT in ENU, E TEIG = GGT in the Eigen frame, E T0 = GGT in GRF, E LA→B = rotation matrix from A to B r = observation position, m x, y, z = cartesian coordinates of r r, φ, λ = sph...

Light-induced structural changes in the bacterial reaction center were studied by a time-resolved crystallographic experiment. Crystals of protein from Blastochloris viridis (formerly Rhodopseudomonas viridis) were reconstituted with ubiquinone and analyzed by monochromatic and Laue diffraction, in the dark and 3 ms after illuminating the crystal with a pulsed laser (630 nm, 3 mJ/pulse, 7 ns du...

An SO(3) picture of the generalized Grover’s quantum searching algorithm,with arbitrary unitary transformation and with arbitrary phase rotations, is constructed. In this picture, any quantum search operation is a rotation in a 3 dimensional space. Exact formulas for the rotation angle and rotational axis are given. The probability of finding the marked state is just (z +1)/2, where z is the z-...

Hysteretic switching with a sub-kT/q steep slope (13 mV/decade at room temperature) is experimentally demonstrated in MOSFETs with PbZr0.52 Ti0.48O3 as a ferroelectric (FE) gate insulator, integrated on a silicon channel with a nonperovskite high-k dielectric (HfO2 ) as a buffer interlayer. The steep switching is independent of drain bias. For the first time, sub-kT/q switching due to FE negati...