Rotavirus is a leading cause of gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Rotavirus transmission occurs fecal-orally, and becomes a critical water quality issue when soil and water resources are contaminated with feces. Transport of pathogens to surface water sources depends on their survival in the soil, especially considering the fact that large amounts of fecal material are often applied to agricu...

BACKGROUND Rotavirus vaccines were introduced in the United States in 2006. Full-series coverage is lower than for other vaccines, and disease continues to occur. We examined variation in vaccine coverage among provider locations and correlated coverage with the detection of rotavirus in children who sought treatment of severe acute gastroenteritis (AGE). METHODS Vaccine records of children e...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of rotavirus disease and to investigate the genotypes of rotavirus strains causing acute gastroenteritis among children aged <5 years old in Marvdasht, Iran. METHODS One hundred and forty-one children, aged 1 month to 5 years, afflicted with severe diarrhea were enrolled during January 2007 to December 2008. Their stool samples wer...

Unexpected reports of intussusception after vaccination with the live tetravalent rotavirus vaccine RotaShield resulted in voluntary withdrawal of the vaccine. Intussusception, a condition in which the intestine acutely invaginates upon itself, is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children. We report here the development of a mouse model to study rotavirus-induced intussuscepti...

Rotavirus is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years old in developed and developing countries. Since improvements in sanitation and hygiene have limited impact on reducing the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea, implementation of a vaccine will be a better solution. We conducted an observational study to determine the disease burden and to identify the genotype of circulating...

OBJECTIVE To identify rotavirus A and the most prevalent G and P genotypes in children with acute diarrhea, and to the describe the occurrence of rotavirus infection and reinfection. METHODS Group A rotavirus specimens were obtained from fecal samples from children with acute diarrhea in Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil from July 2000 to October 2002. Rotavirus A positive children and a contro...

Rotaviruses (group A rotaviruses) are the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. Currently, an antiviral drug is not available and information on therapeutic targets for antiviral development is limited for rotavirus infection. Previously, it was shown that lipid homeostasis is important in rotavirus replication. Since farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and it...

BACKGROUND Rotavirus as a causative agent of childhood diarrhea is known to cause serious illness among children less than 5 years of age. This study examined the epidemiology of rotavirus disease burden and diversity of G and P genotypes of rotavirus in Nepal. METHODS Stool samples were tested for rotavirus by Enzyme Immuno Assay and Group A rotaviruses were detected by using both ELISA and ...

We sensitized sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) with antibodies against human rotavirus strain Wa (SRBC-antiWa) and antibodies against calf rotavirus strain NCDV (SRBC-antiNCDV). These were readily agglutinated in the presence of homologous antigens, i.e., human rotavirus and calf rotavirus. By the hemagglutination of SRBC-antiWa and SRBC-antiNCDV (reverse passive hemagglutination [RPHA]), titration of...

Two rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq (Merck) and Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline) have been developed to neutralize the most common rotavirus serotypes, and are now available in the global market. These vaccines are primarily aimed at reducing rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in the least developed countries, where rotavirus mortality rate is believed to be greatest. Thus, the World Health Organizatio...