This paper presents a novel kinematic reconstruction of the human arm chain with five degrees of freedom and the estimation of the shoulder location during rehabilitation therapy assisted by end-effector robotic devices. This algorithm is based on the pseudoinverse of the Jacobian through the acceleration of the upper arm, measured using an accelerometer, and the orientation of the shoulder, es...

Sway is reduced by light nonsupporting touch between parts of the body and a fixed surface. This effect is assumed to reflect augmentation of sensory cues for sway by point-of-contact reaction forces. It has been shown that movement of the contact surface can increase sway relative to an earth-fixed contact. Light touch contact with another person, for example, holding hands, affords a moving c...

BACKGROUND Backpack loads produce changes in standing posture when compared with unloaded posture. Although 'poor' unloaded standing posture has been related to spinal pain, there is little evidence of whether, and how much, exposure to posterior load produces injurious effects on spinal tissue. The objective of this study was to describe the effect on adolescent sagittal plane standing posture...

A study of the Phasmoconus species southern Mozambique and northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa revealed a new within an already complicated group species. total 83 adult specimens were studied, measured analyzed. The two main forms (Phasmoconus) chindeensis Monnier, Prugnaud & Limpalaër, 2021 species, described here as P. (P.) nemo n. sp. have too few different characteristics to separate ...

BACKGROUND The understanding of the pathomechanics of shoulder impingement has evolved over the years. Likewise, assessment techniques and effective treatment strategies have also been developed. Physical therapists should keep up-to-date on the current evidence. OBJECTIVE This study explored the practices currently used by Indian physical therapists for the assessment and management of shoul...

BACKGROUND The identification of the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is the first step in designing effective preventive interventions. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between individual, organizational, physical, and psychological factors and upper extremity MSDs (i.e., shoulder, elbow and hand/wrist). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the stu...

BACKGROUND Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) involves compression of the brachial plexus, subclavius artery and vein. Many studies discuss efficacy of surgery and few discuss conservative treatment. It is unknown what specific forms of conservative treatment are best. OBJECTIVE Describe conservative management for TOS using unique exercises. CASE DESCRIPTION A collegiate football player report...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the intramuscular balance ratios of the upper trapezius muscle (UT) and the lower trapezius muscle (LT), and the intermuscular balance ratios of the UT and the serratus anterior muscle (SA) among prone extension (ProExt), prone horizontal abduction with external rotation (ProHAbd), forward flexion in the side-lying position (SideFlex), side-lyi...