37 Encephalitis is defined by the presence of an inflammatory process of the brain in association with clinical evidence of neurologic dysfunction. Among the pathogens that are reported to cause encephalitis, the majority are viruses. There are many benefits for the management of encephalitis if the cause is identified. However, despite extensive testing, the etiology of encephalitis remains un...

Apart from Plasmodium , other parasites, such as protozoa and nematodes (roundworms), also play a significant role in innate immunity. However, parasite immunology is an otherwise still neglected area of research, and other organisms are currently subject to much more interest, in particular Drosophila since it provides a good model to study immune responses in invertebrates [6–9] . The 2015 No...

Scientific investigations of production losses in pigs due to roundworms are rarely conducted in commercial farms, despite the fact that this information is needed to decide whether anthelmintic treatment is cost-effective or not. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare performance in fattening pigs treated or not treated for Ascaris suum infections. Two Danish pig farms producing fatten...

BACKGROUND It is estimated that almost a half of all of people living in developing countries today are infected with roundworms, hookworms, or whipworms or combinations of these types of intestinal nematode worms. They can all be treated using safe, effective, and inexpensive single-dose generic drugs costing as little as USD 0.03 per person treated when bought in bulk. The disease caused by i...

H uman hookworms are parasitic nematodes infecting about 700 million individuals, largely in tropical regions of the world [1]. In endemic areas, most infected people carry a mixed worm burden, including Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworms), Trichuris trichuria (whipworms), and Ancylostoma duodenale and/or Necator americanus (both hookworms). Of these soil-transmitted helminths, hookworms are the ...

1. Gavin PJ, Kazacos KR, Shulman ST. Baylisascariasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:703–18. http://dx.doi. org/10.1128/CMR.18.4.703-718.2005 2. Kazacos KR. Baylisascaris procyonis and related species. In: Samuel WM, Pybus MJ, Kocan AA, editors. Parasitic diseases of wild mammals. 2nd ed. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press; 2001. p. 301–41. 3. Huff DS, Neafi e RC, Binder MJ, DeLeon GA, Brown ...

Introduction Two of the most common questions on the minds of many goat producers are; “when should I deworm my goats?”, and “what should I use to do so?”. Unfortunately, there are no simple answers to these questions because all production programs differ in many ways. Therefore, we will look at some of the factors that affect these answers so you can better make the decisions for your herd. W...

When common names are used to describe parasites and parasitic infections, these names may refer to different parasites in different parts of the world. To eliminate these problems in interpretation of names, a binomial system of nomenclature is used in which the scientific name consists of the genus and species. Classification systems have been developed to indicate the relationship among the ...

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are the most common types of parasitic infections in the world. These diseases have major health and socio-economic repercussions, and constitute an important public health problem in developing countries. Human schistosomiasis is caused by six species of schistosomes, i.e. Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonic...

The phrase ‘‘the 800-pound gorilla in the room’’ refers to an obvious problem that everyone knows exists but pretends or chooses to ignore. In my December 2007 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases editorial I wrote about an unseemly underbelly of poverty that exists in my country, the United States of America, and the unacceptable disease burden among our poor that results from such neglected disea...