Energy conservation has always been a prominent design goal for hierarchical routing protocols supporting sink mobility. Advertising the current position of mobile introduces control packet overhead which ultimately results in an increase energy consumption and shorter network lifetime. harvesting through ambient sources have enabled utilization rechargeable devices Wireless Sensor Networks to ...

The increasing transmission speed and the growing size of computer networks are creating new challenges for network routing. Increased transmission speed enables new, integrated, applications that require service guarantees from the network. In order to provide these guarantees, routes with suucient resources must be located. The ability of a particular route to support performance-sensitive ap...

The importance of energy preservation in wireless sensor networks is long established, and a number of maximum lifetime routing schemes exist in the literature. Many of the existing online routing schemes are based on the use of some edge-weight functions, but those schemes exhibit diverse performances in terms of the obtained lifetime results. The major contribution of the present work is to c...

In this paper we propose an ”on demand” multicast routing protocol for a wireless, mobile, multihop network. The proposed scheme has two key features: (a) it is based on the forwarding group concept (i.e., a subset of nodes is in charge of forwarding the multicast packets via scoped flooding) rather than on the conventional multicast tree scheme; (b) it dynamically refreshes the forward group m...

The zigbee tree routing is wide used in several resource restricted devices and applications. Since it doesn’t need any routing table and route discovery overhead to send a packet to the destination. But the ZigBee tree routing has the elemental limitation that a packet follows the tree topology. Therefore, it cannot provide the optimum routing path. The shortcut tree routing protocol that prov...

Bluetooth is a low-cost, low-power technology initially intended as a replacement of cables between electronic devices. Bluetooth devices can form small network of upto 8 devices called piconets. The specification also defines networks of piconets called scatternets. Scatternets can have various uses such as for “monitoring” purposes in factories and warehouses or for ad hoc meetings. Scatterne...

Multi-Hop Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks are characterized by dynamic and frequently changing topologies, bandwidth constrained variable capacity ~ links and energy-constrained operation. Nodes in such a network are usually laptops or hand held personal digital assistants (PDA), which have limited resources like battery power, CPU power, storage capacity, and transmission range. Internet Protocol (IP...