Many mammals are herbivores, and most herbivorous mammals live on a diet that makes cellulose digestion essential. The ruminants, which include some of our most important domestic meatand milk-producing animals cattle, sheep and goats have a specialized digestive tract which is highly adapted and has evolved to digest highly fibrous plant materials which nonruminants are unable to utilize. In r...

this study investigated the effect of rumex sc (commercial product which includes of saccharomyces cervisiae, saponin and essential oils) on rumen fermentation, blood glucose, urea, milk yield and milk composition. animals were offered a basal diet containing alfalfa hay (15.5%), corn silage (24%), beet pulp (7%) and concentrate (53.5%). additionally, rumex sc was included in the experimental d...

Mao, H.L., Wu, C.H., Wang, J.K. and Liu, J.X. 2013. Synergistic effect of cellulase and xylanase on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population with rice straw as substrate. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 13: 477-487. The in vitro gas test was conducted to investigate the effects of cellulase (CEL) and xylanase (XYL) on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population with r...

I . The concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen and caecum were compared when sheep were given barley or dried grass. The molar proportions of VFA in the caecum resembled those in the rumen except that the proportions of isobutyric and isovaleric acids were higher in caecal than in rumen fluid indicating an extensive breakdown of protein during fermentation in the caecum. 2. T...

Th is experiment compared linear relationships among end-products of rumen fermentation measured at the time (t1⁄2) at which a feed produces half of its asymptotic gas production) or at 48 h. Meadow hay and corn grain were incubated for t1⁄2 (16 and 9 h, respectively) or for 48 h into glass bottles. Each bottle (310 ml) was fi lled with feed sample (0.5 g) and 75 ml of buff ered rumen fl uid, a...

Four Luxi beef cattle (400±10 kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square to assess the effects of soybean small peptide (SSP) infusion on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and flow of nutrient in the gastrointestinal tract. The ruminal infusion of SSP was 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/d. Ruminal SSP infusion linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.0...

Four ruminally cannulated steers (BW 581 +/- 12.8 kg) were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of prolonged, moderate nutrient restriction on plasma ghrelin concentrations and to establish the relationship of plasma ghrelin concentrations with hormones and metabolites indicative of nutritional status and end products of rumen fermentation. A high-grain diet was offered at 240% o...

This study using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) investigated the changes in the ruminal microbiota and anaerobic fermentation in response to the addition of different lipid supplements to a ruminant diet. A basal diet with no oil added was the control, and the treatment diets were supplemented with sunflower oil (2%) only, or sunflower oil (2%) in combination with fish oil (1%) or alg...

The dairy cow has a well-recognized natural daily pattern of feed intake and milk synthesis, but regulation of these circadian rhythms has not been well described in the literature or well considered in current dairy management. Even when a total mixed ration (TMR) is fed, ruminal fermentation varies due to circadian variation in feed consumption, resulting in more fermentable substrate in the ...

Although the protein requirement of domestic ruminants may be calculated from a simple one-compartment model, this approach ignores factors such as microbial fermentation in the rumen and the non-equality of feed proteins. By examining digestion in each of the functional compartments of the digestive tract of the ruminant, a model may be constructed of the complete process. In this review, we p...