this study aims to evaluate effects of two downscaling methods; change-factor and statistical downscaling on therunoff of the azam-harat river located at yazd province (with an arid climate) of iran, under the a2 emission scenariofor the period of 2010-2039. for this purpose, cgcm3-ar4 model; a rainfall-runoff conceptual model, ihacres; twodownscaling models, change factor and lars-wg were appl...

introduction: field plots are widely used in studies related to the measurements of soil loss and modeling of erosion processes. research efforts are needed to investigate factors affecting the data quality of plots. spatial scale or size of plots is one of these factors which directly affects measuring runoff and soil loss by means of field plots. the effect of plot size on measured runoff or ...

Runoff phosphorus (P) associated with eroded soil contributes to eutrophication to some extent. The present work examines two methods for estimating the potential bioavailability of particulate P (PP) in runoff, and studies the concentrations and losses of different P forms in surface and subsurface runoff from arable soils. The potential bioavailability of PP was approximated by extraction wit...

The Paddock to Reef Integrated Monitoring, Modelling and Reporting program (P2R) (Department of Premier and Cabinet, 2009) is investigating ways to improve agricultural management practices and the quality of water entering the Great Barrier Reef. One of the major risks to GBR water quality is pesticide runoff from agricultural industries. Direct measurement of pesticide fate and behavior is bo...

Based on periodical snow cover mapping by NOAA satellites, contributions to runoff from seasonal snow cover, intermittent snowfalls and rain are evaluated in relation to the altitude in the basins of the rivers Ganges (917 444 km) and Brahmaputra (547 346 km) in an altitude range from 0 to 8848 m a.s.l. In spite of insufficient precipitation and temperature data, runoff was simulated with an ac...

runoff simulation is a vital issue in water resource planning and management. various models with different levels of accuracy and precision are developed for this purpose considering various prediction time scales. in this paper, two models of ihacres (identification of unit hydrographs and component flows from rainfall, evaporation and streamflow data) and ann (artificial neural network) mode...

in iran, fine grained formations (neogene's units) are very susceptible to erosion. also, they are the units producing runoff and causing soil loss in watersheds. the objectives of this study is to assess the effect of physical - chemical and mechanical properties of these formations on sediment and runoff rates at different rainfall intensities, based on using field simulator in taleghan ...

Simulation modeling is widely used to assess water contamination risk associated with pesticide use and for evaluating effectiveness of agricultural conservation practices. Currently the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model is being used for this purpose in the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) Cropland National Assessment. In support of the CEAP modeling ef...

Characteristics of surface runoff from a 0.14-km2 urban catchment with separated sewer in Macau was investigated. Water quality measurements of surface runoff were carried out on five rainfall events during the period of August to November, 2005. Water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, TSS, COD, TN, Zn, Pb, and Cu were analyzed. The results show that TN and COD are the major pollutants ...

An irrigation runoff study on a residential lawn was conducted in California, northeast of Sacramento, during the summer and fall of 2008 to investigate the contribution of turf uses of pyrethroids to residues in Californian urban creek sediments. This study examined how over irrigation (i.e., irrigation that produces runoff) in the summer season may transport recently applied pyrethroids. The ...