Simazine is a selective herbicide used on various crops and non-crop sites. It is slightly to moderately toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates, and it is highly toxic to aquatic vascular plants. Modeling of potential simazine estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) indicates that with the highest application rates, the most vulnerable soils, and a very high runoff potential, the upper t...

Pollutants accumulated on road pavement during dry periods are washed off the surface with runoff water during rainfall events, presenting a potentially hazardous non-point source of pollution. Estimation of pollutant loads in these runoff waters is required for developing mitigation and management strategies, yet the numerous factors involved and their complex interconnected influences make st...

The rainfall-runoff relationship is one of the most complex hydrological phenomena. In recent years, hydrologists have successfully applied backpropagation neural network as a tool to model various nonlinear hydrological processes because of its ability to generalize patterns in imprecise or noisy and ambiguous input and output data sets. However, the backpropagation neural network convergence ...

Degree-day factors are widely used to estimate snowmelt runoff in operational hydrological models. Usually, they are calibrated on observed runoff, and sometimes on satellite snow cover data. In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating the snowmelt degree-day factor (DDFS) directly from MODIS snow covered area (SCA) and ground-based snow depth data without calibration. Subcatchment sn...

In this study we develop a distributed and object-oriented rainfall-runoff simulation (DORS) model with incorporation of 1-m high spatial resolution impervious surface area (ISA) data obtained from true-color digital orthophoto. This physically based model simulates hydrologic processes of precipitation interception, infiltration, evaporation and evapotranspiration, soil moisture and change of ...

Runoff constitutes one of the major water losses from agricultural fields in semi-arid areas. However, by adopting appropriate soil management practices, the runoff can be harnessed for improving crop yields. The main objective of this study was to quantify rainfall-runoff relationships under in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) using simulated rainfall, and to compare these results to those ob...

Rainfall-Runoff and Signal Separation Problems: The process of converting rainfall into runoff is a highly nonlinear problem due to the soil-water interaction that starts when rainfall reaches the ground. Additional variables to consider are evaporation, transpiration, losses due to vegetation and land use, and the different flow processes that take place in a watershed. For instance, baseflow ...

Rainfall-runoff relationship is very important in many fields of hydrology such as water supply and water resourcemanagement and there are many models in this field. Among these models, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) wasfound suitable for processing rainfall-runoff and opened various approaches in hydrological modeling. In addition,ANNs are quick and flexible approaches which provide very ...