The relationship between the urban and rural world is examined here from the standpoint of the role of local leaders and their retinues of armed men, their impact on the cities and the impact of the cities on them. In periods of state weakness or disintegration, Afghan cities were unable to resist the ‘solidarity groups’ which had coagulated in the countryside under the pressure of constant con...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is diagnosed more frequently among urban than rural women in China; however, the incidence among women in Shijiazhuang is unknown. METHODS As registered Chinese citizens are entitled to complete public medical insurance coverage, the incidence rate was estimated using reimbursement records of first hospitalization. RESULTS Breast cancer is the most common cancer amo...

introduction it this study it is attempted to find out the nature of relationships between rural-urban linkages by statistical analysis regarding the impact of the city on the levels of rural development. rural-urban relationships in the developing countries have rapidly expanded in the recent decades. because, city and village comprise an integrated system, and the development of each part of ...

Urban and rural areas differ in economic, social and environmental terms. Due to the diverging dynamics in urban and rural areas, the social and economic distance between them might increase in the future even more. Rural entrepreneurs with linkages to urban areas are able to bridge the rural–urban divide by accessing some of the urban features, such as knowledge and markets, while at the same ...

The Chinese government announced new economic reform policies in December of 1978. The announcement included an urban distribution policy that emphasized small cities and towns for rural urbanization as a means to achieve modernization in China. This distribution policy called for limited development in large metropolitan areas, selective development of only a few medium-sized cities, and more ...

China is still a predominantly agricultural country. Despite the growth of vast industrial cities like Shanghai, most of the population still lives and works on the land. The provision of medical care for agricultural workers is based on two concepts: a decentralized, pyramidal system of medical responsibilities, with at the bottom of the pyramid the barefoot doctor. This system has been fully ...

OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of food consumption associated with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and their links to socio-economic status (SES) and urbanization. DESIGN A nationwide cross-sectional survey. SETTING Secondary schools in cities, towns and villages in Botswana, Africa. SUBJECTS A total of 746 adolescent schoolchildren. RESULTS OW/OB is associated with greater SES, city residen...