In Chinese cities, migrants with rural hukou, compared to residents local urban face more uncertainty, have limited access mortgage finance, and are less eligible for low-cost housing. A simple model demonstrates that these reasons, rural-to-urban likely own housing units in cities as a result accumulate wealth. Our empirical analysis examines nationally representative household survey from 201...

Executive Summary ore than 100 cities and counties have adopted some form of a growth boundary—a limit on land development beyond a politically designated area—to curb sprawl, protect open space, or encourage the redevelopment of inner-city neighborhoods. Statewide mandates for growth boundaries exist in Oregon, Tennessee, and Washington. Urban-growth boundaries, however, have potentially negat...

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the level and examine the dynamics of housing consumption and residential crowding in urban China almost a decade after the housing reform was launched. I argue that housing consumption and residential crowding are affected not only by demographic and socioeconomic factors, as they are in market economies, but also by institutional factors that are unique t...

A test of nonfinancial measures used as part of a management-incentive program by a U.S.-based, full-service hotel chain found that improvements in the nonfinancial measures were followed shortly by increases in revenue and profit. The two nonfinancial measures are customer satisfaction as measured by guests’ comment card indications of likelihood to return and level of complaints. The lag betw...

Australia's rural hospitals face most of the same issues and challenges faced by metropolitan hospitals. However they also face additional challenges around geographic isolation, their iconic status and role as major employers in local communities, and their close relationship with community based health services. Future opportunities include more formal integration with community service throu...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and study the relationship of this disease to factors such as age, sex, housing, and socioeconomic status in Shimla town and the adjoining rural area. DESIGN A cross sectional survey, carried out by a specially trained examiner in cardiology. SETTING The study involved high risk school children (5-16 years of age) ...