INTRODUCTION Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Canada. While stroke care has improved dramatically over the last decade, outcomes following stroke among patients treated in rural hospitals have not yet been reported in Canada. OBJECTIVES To describe variation in 30-day post-stroke in-hospital mortality rates between rural and urban academic hospitals in Canada. We also examined ...

BACKGROUND The persistence of rural-urban disparities in child nutrition outcomes in developing countries alongside rapid urbanisation and increasing incidence of child malnutrition in urban areas raises an important health policy question - whether fundamentally different nutrition policies and interventions are required in rural and urban areas. Addressing this question requires an enhanced u...

OBJECTIVES To provide an up-to-date overview of long-term trends of liver cancer mortality and evaluate the effects attributable to age, period and cohort in Chinese population stratified by gender and urban/rural areas. METHODS Population and liver cancer mortality data were obtained based on the Disease Surveillance Points in China from 1991 to 2014. To examine the time trends of liver canc...

OBJECTIVES To compare the serum lipids levels, prevalence of dyslipidaemia, and adiposity of rural versus urban dwellers in Sokoto, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in both rural and urban areas of Sokoto, Nigeria. One hundred participants were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Fasting blood was...

OBJECTIVE Urbanization is an important determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. To determine location-based differences in CVD risk factors in India we performed studies among women in rural, urban-poor and urban middle-class locations. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional studies in rural, urban-poor, and urban-middle class women (35-70 y) were performed at multiple sites. We ev...

BACKGROUND Environment may have a key role in the development of the immune system in childhood and environmental exposures associated with rural residence may explain the low prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in the rural tropics. We investigated the effects of urban versus rural residence on the adaptive immune response in children living in urban and rural areas in a tropical re...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Mother–child relationship Teacher–child relationship Chinese only and non-only children Early social behaviors Urban–rural status Investigations regarding the differences between Chinese only and non-only children primarily examine children's social behaviors, which are closely related to their early relationships with mothers and teachers. In recent years, the n...

Introduction: Stroke recognized as the third most common cause of death. Stroke survivors often suffer a large amount of physical and mental disability. Due to assess difference between stroke types, progression and distribution of risk factors according residential status, to get correct information for prevention planning and management, this study was conducted.   Methods: This descriptive...