The understanding of long-term landfill settlement is important for landfill design and rehabilitation. However, suitable models that can consider both the mechanical and biodecomposition mechanisms in predicting the long-term landfill settlement are generally not available. In this paper, a model based on unsaturated consolidation theory and considering the biodegradation process is introduced...

Keywords: Rockfill creep Particle mechanics method Water weakening Wetting–drying cycles Particle breakage Abrasion a b s t r a c t Rockfill is an important construction material for infrastructure engineering, such as dams, railways and airport foundations, which display a long-term post-construction settlement. However, the main mechanisms for rockfill creep and weathering influence still rem...

We consider patterns in the evolution of canoe technology in the eastern Pacific relative to three general processes: movement of canoe traits along the Polynesian settlement sequence, adaptations to local island environment, and post-settlement interaction between island groups. Using model selection methods on the distributions of canoe technology, we show that social and ecological covariate...

We study the design of e¢ cient intertemporal payment arrangements when the ability of agents to perform certain welfare-improving transactions is subject to random and unobservable shocks. E¢ ciency is achieved via a payment system that assigns balances to participants, adjusts them based on the histories of transactions, and periodically resets them through settlement. Our analysis addresses ...

Microbial biofilms play important roles in initiating settlement of marine invertebrate larvae. Given the importance of habitat selection by the motile larval phase, understanding settlement choices is critical if we are to successfully predict the population dynamics of sessile adults. Marine microbial biofilms show remarkable variability in community composition, often mediated by environment...

Often a bargainer can use some form of power—legal, military, or political—to impose a settlement. How does the “outside” option of being able to impose a settlement, albeit at some cost, affect the bargaining? And, how does the probability that the bargaining will break down vary with the distribution of power between the bargainers? These questions are examined by adding the option of imposin...

Bringing efficiency to the entire trade lifecycle is the key to decreasing risk. With increased cross border trade activities, the post trade process continues to be complex and challenging for investment firms due to lack of harmonization in market practices. Despite technology advances and business process improvements, there are inefficiencies in the settlement process leading to trade and s...

DOI 10.1007/s10040-002-0225-5 Abstract Suzhou City, located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southeastern Jiangsu Province, is one of the few cities in China which suffer from severe ground settlement. A research project was carried out to investigate this problem. Geological and hydrogeological studies show that there is a multi-layered aquifer system with three distinct, soft mud ...

The number of wetlands existing in the United States since colonial settlement has declined rapidly. According to reports by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Tiner, 1984; Tiner et al., 1994; Wilen and Frayer, 1990; Dahl 1990; Dahl et al., 1991) and the National Wildlife Federation (Feierabend and Zelazny, 1987), it is believed that over 200 million acres of wetlands were present in the conte...

In northern Spain Sargassum muticum is abundant on sheltered shores and in tide pools on exposed shores, but is rare or absent at low-intertidal levels on exposed shores. An experiment on two shores indicated that S. muticum has an effective dispersal range of less than 5 m and that the presence of fertile plants in the immediate vicinity were required for settlement of large numbers of S. muti...