Six male subjects [23 yr (SD 4)] performed repetitions (6-8) of two-legged, moderate-intensity, knee-extension exercise during two separate protocols that included step transitions from 3 W to 90% estimated lactate threshold (thetaL) performed as a single step (S3) and in two equal steps (S1, 3 W to approximately 45% thetaL; S2, approximately 45% thetaL to approximately 90% thetaL). The time co...

Given two strings S1 = pqaxabcstrqrtp and S2 = xyaxbacsl, the substrings axabcs in S1 and axbacs in S2 are very similar. The problem of finding similar substrings is the local alignment problem. Local alignment is extensively used in computational biology to find regions of similarity in different biological sequences. Similar genetic sequences are identified by computing the local alignment of...

For a graph G, we denote by σ2(G) the minimum degree sum of two non-adjacent vertices if G is non-complete; otherwise, σ2(G) = +∞. In this paper, we give the following two results; (i) If s1 and s2 are integers with s1, s2 ≥ 2 and if G is a non-complete graph with σ2(G) ≥ 2(s1 + s2 + 1) − 1, then G contains two vertexdisjoint subgraphs H1 and H2 such that each Hi is a graph of order at least si...

• The entropy is a state function: S = S(state). Furthermore, it is additive; S12 = S1 + S2 for a system with subsystems 1 and 2. • Entropy is unchanged in a reversible state change. That is, S(f) = S(i) and so ∆S = 0. For a reversible state change, entropy increases: S(f) > S(i), and so ∆S > 0. In all cases, ∆S ≥ 0. • When heat is added to a system, then the entropy changes by an amount propor...

Purpose. To analyse variations in the anatomical and functional outcomes and in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) rate of a prospective multicentric study that was primarily designed for identification of clinical risk factors for PVR. Methods. 1,046 retinal detachment (RD) cases were analysed. Cases were divided into two series based upon variation in PVR rate determined by logistic regres...

Given two sequences S1, S2 and a constrained sequence C, the longest common subsequence of S1, S2 with restriction to C is defined as the constrained longest common subsequence (CLCS) of S1, S2 and C. At the same time, the best alignment of S1, S2 with restriction to C is defined as the constrained pairwise sequence alignment (CPSA) of S1, S2 and C. Previous algorithms have shown that both CLCS...

Given two sequences S1, S2, and a constrained sequence C, a longest common subsequence of S1, S2 with restriction to C is called a constrained longest common subsequence of S1 and S2 with C. At the same time, an optimal alignment of S1, S2 with restriction to C is called a constrained pairwise sequence alignment of S1 and S2 with C. Previous algorithms have shown that the constrained longest co...

Objective: In the staging of lung cancer, pleural effusion that is malignant on cytologic examination is regarded as T4 disease, and curative resection cannot be performed. We conducted this study to determine whether cancer cells can be present in the pleural cavity with no pleural effusion, to investigate the factors contributing to that occurrence, and to evaluate its prognostic signi®cance....

Cell surface glycans play pivotal roles in immune cell trafficking and immunity. Here we present an efficient method for generating anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using gene-targeted mice and describe critical glycans in lymphocyte homing. We immunized sulfotransferase GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 doubly deficient mice with sulfotransferase-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary ce...