We review the Philippine frogs of the genus Leptobrachuim. All previous treatments have referred Philippine populations to L. hasseltii, a species we restrict to Java and Bali, Indonesia. We use external morphology, body proportions, color pattern, advertisement calls, and phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequence data to show that Philippine populations of Leptobrachium represent three disti...

AIM To investigate the impact of chronic ingestion of sebacic acid (SA), a 10-carbon medium-chain dicarboxylic acid, on glycaemic control in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Three groups of 15 db/db mice were fed for 6 weeks either a chow diet (Ctrl) or a chow diet supplemented with 1.5 or 15% (SA(1.5%) and SA(15%) , respectively) energy from SA. Fasting glycaemia was measured ...

Salicylic acid beta-glucoside (SAG) is a storage form of a defense signal against pathogens, releasing free salicylic acid (SA), to meet the requirements in plants. Since excess SA induces locally restricted cell death following oxidative burst and Ca2+ influx in plants, the effects of SAG on cell viability, Ca2+ influx, and generation of superoxide (O2*-) were examined in suspension-cultured t...

Salicylic acid (SA) is central for the defense of plants to pathogens and abiotic stress. SA is synthesized in chloroplasts from chorismic acid by an isochorismate synthase (ICS1); SA biosynthesis is negatively regulated by autoinhibitory feedback at ICS1. Genetic studies indicated that the multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY5 (EDS5) of Arabidopsis (Arabido...

In this paper shape adaptive all phase biorthogonal transform (SA-APBT) for coding arbitrarily shaped image segments is proposed. The proposed transform can be used in region-based image compression instead of the shape adaptive discrete cosine transform (SA-DCT). Region-based image coding method is made up of three procedures: image segmentation, contour coding and texture coding. An image is ...

OBJECTIVE Sinapic acid (SA, Sinapine), small naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid, has a GABA(A) receptor agonistic property and free radical scavenging activity. We examined potential neuroprotective effects of sinapic acid (SA) using global cerebral ischemia animal model. METHODS MTT assay was performed to determine cytotoxic effects of SA. To examine the neuroprotective effects of SA, ...

Abstrak Tinatalakay sa papel na ito ang pangangailangang historiko-kritikal na linawin ang prinsipyo sa likod ng pananaliksik at kung paano ito maaaring gamitin upang magtaguyod ng isang higit na malay na subhektibidad na makakatulong sa pagpapayaman ng iba’t ibang propesyong sinasandigan ng ating lipunan. Sa ubod ng mga prinsipyong ito ang pagsipat sa usapin ng kaputian hindi lamang bilang usa...

System aspects of smart antenna (SA) technology in wireless communications such as SA receiver structure and algorithms, wireless network control and network planning are discussed. A classification of SA receivers and their algorithms is given in order to simplify orientation in very large amount of the proposed types. Several radio network planning and upgrading concepts with SA are evaluated...

Flexure parallel mechanism (FPM) possessing selective actuation (SA) feature can be used as a micropositioner. The design of SA FPMs consists of type synthesis of parallel mechanisms possessing the required number of degree of freedom (DOF), geometric arrangement of the structure to obtain the SA and conversion of the kinematic mechanism into the flexure mechanism. This paper focuses on the SA ...