Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is considered an uncommon manifestation of secondary syphilis. SA can present in a diffuse form, resembling telogen effluvium, or in a moth-eaten form that mimics a variety of conditions (i.e., alopecia areata, trichotillomania, lichen planus pilaris or tinea capitis). When the two forms coexist, we observe a mixed pattern. Essential SA manifests without evidence of muc...

Salicylic acid (SA) is central for the defense of plants to pathogens and abiotic stress. SA is synthesized in chloroplasts from chorismic acid by an isochorismate synthase (ICS1); SA biosynthesis is negatively regulated by autoinhibitory feedback at ICS1. Genetic studies indicated that the multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY5 (EDS5) of Arabidopsis (Arabido...

BACKGROUND The serum sialic acid (SA) concentration has been reported to be a potentially useful but nonspecific disease marker. We wanted to study which factors influence SA concentration in a well-characterized healthy population. METHODS SA was determined in 97 women and 96 men with a colorimetric Warren method. RESULTS The mean +/- SD concentrations of SA were 634 +/- 109 (95% confidenc...

This article presents a broad view of systems analysis and design (SA&D) research. Although SA&D is a critical area of research in the information systems field, relatively little such research has been published in leading IS journals. To point toward increased research opportunities for SA&D work, this article presents a framework that illustrates the broad range of activities within the SA&D...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of simulated annealing (SA)-based optimization algorithms. SA-based algorithms solve single and multiobjective optimization problems, where a desired global minimum/maximum is hidden among many local minima/maxima. Three single objective optimization algorithms (SA, SA with tabu search and CSA) and five multiobjective optimization algorithms (SMOSA, UM...

The level of Situation Awareness (SA) that systems and devices provide to individuals and teams is a critical factor that needs assessing throughout the design process. There are various methods available for assessing SA, yet there is little guidance available on which of these methods are the most valid, reliable and accurate. The purpose of this study was to compare three existing SA measure...

We investigated the effect of sodium ascorbate (SA) on the microtensile bond strengths (MTBSs) of different composites to bovine enamel after vital bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP). Thirty bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups and treated with no bleaching application (control), 35% HP alone, 35% HP+10% SA for 10 minutes (HP+SA), 16% CP alone, or...

Voltage-dependent sodium (Na(+)) channels are heterogeneously distributed through the pacemaker of the heart, the sinoatrial node (SA node). The measured sodium channel current (i(Na)) density is higher in the periphery but low or zero in the center of the SA node. The functional roles of i(Na) in initiation and conduction of cardiac pacemaker activity remain uncertain. We evaluated the functio...