The effects of intracerebroventricular application of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) on licking microstructure for sucrose, saccharin, and water solutions were evaluated. In Experiment 1, NPY increased meal size for three sucrose concentrations (0.03 M, 0.3 M, and 1.0 M) by increasing licking burst number but not size and by extending meals more than four-fold in duration with a slow, sustained rate of i...

OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in mucociliary clearance, histologic characteristics, and surface structure of the bilateral nasal septal mucosa in patients with nasal septal deviation. DESIGN Mucociliary transport was measured by saccharin clearance time in both nasal cavities of 20 patients with nasal septal deviation. Their septal mucosae were taken during septoplasty, and the ciliary...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on irradiation-induced rhinosinusitis of the maxillary-sinus mucosa among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). DESIGN Surgical outcomes were evaluated by changes to the ultrastructure of the antral mucosa and nasomucociliary clearance. METHODS Twenty-one NPC patients with irradiation-induced chronic sinusitis were enrol...

When a multisensory environment was reliably paired with morphine (2 mg/kg) in rats, that environment, in a drug-free test, evoked a hyperactive conditioned response (CR). When an olfactory cue (banana odor) was the only stimulus element reliably paired with morphine, it also elicited a hyperactive CR. However, a gustatory cue (saccharin solution) evoked a hypoactive CR. This taste-elicited dec...

The present study tested the hypothesis that lesions of the insular cortex of the rat retard the acquisition of conditioned taste aversions (CTAs) because of an impairment in the detection of the novelty of taste stimuli. Demonstrating the expected latent inhibition effect, nonlesioned control subjects acquired CTAs more rapidly when the conditioned stimulus (0.15% sodium saccharin) was novel r...

I . The effect of saccharin and cyclamate on growth of young rats fed on a poor rice diet or a balanced diet was investigated. 2. Saccharin and cyclamate retarded the growth of rats on the multi-deficient diet but not of those on the well-balanced diet during an 8-week feeding period. 3. The sweeteners did not produce any macroscopic or microscopic changes in the liver, kidneys, intestines, spl...

The results of two acute placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over studies assessing the effect of Panax ginseng (G115) on blood glucose levels are reported. In study 1, thirty participants received three treatments: placebo; 200 mg G115; 400 mg G115. In study 2, twenty-seven participants received four treatments: placebo (0 mg ginseng and 30 mg saccharin); ginseng (200 mg ginseng and 30 mg s...