The main objective of this essay is to analyse neoliberalism as an alternative for political administration. According a theory developed in Brazil, administration encompasses both macro- and micromanagement principles represent the interests agenda social class, or some fraction it. findings are that neoliberal rationale its management principles—efficiency, accountability, performance, compet...

Abstract Background Estimates of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) are counterintuitive to researchers, policy makers, and developmental partners due data methodological limitation. While inferences drawn from use capacity-to-pay (CTP) budget share (BS) approaches inconsistent, the non-availability on food in survey India is an added Methods Using consumption surveys National Sample Surveys...

This paper explores the role of morphological markedness constraints in an OT framework with interleaving of phonological and morphological constraints. Morphological markedness constraints are constraints against the realization of marked combinations of features. For example, a constraint like *[+GROUP +RESTRICTED] (*DUAL) would penalize any output with a single morpheme realizing features [+...

BACKGROUND Illness-related costs incurred by patients constitute a severe economic burden for households especially in low-income countries. High household costs of illness lead to impoverishment; they impair affordability and equitable access to health care and consequently hamper tuberculosis (TB) control. So far, no study has investigated patient costs of TB in the former Soviet Union. MET...

Mountainous regions offer not only essential habitat and resources, including water, to the earth's more than 6 billion inhabitants, but also insights into how the global human habitat works, how it is being changed at the moment as global climates are disrupted, and how the disruption may lead to global biotic and economic impoverishment. At least 600 million of the earth's more than 6 billion...

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) produced by the hypothalamus initiates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the body's stress response. CRH levels typically are undetectable in human plasma, but during pregnancy the primate placenta synthesizes and releases large amounts of CRH into both maternal and fetal circulations. Notably, placental CRH synthesis increases ...

Poor health is a source of impoverishment among households in low -and middle- income countries (LMICs) and a subject of voluminous literature in recent years. This paper reviews recent empirical literature on measuring the economic impacts of health shocks on households. Key inclusion criteria were studies that explored household level economic outcomes (burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) health sp...