Faced with massive data, subsampling is a commonly used technique to improve computational efficiency, and using nonuniform probabilities an effective approach estimation efficiency. For often implemented replacement or through Poisson subsampling. However, no rigorous investigation has been performed study the difference between two procedures such as their efficiency convenience. This paper p...

Abstract Online signature verification considers signatures as time sequences of different measurements the signing instrument. These signals are captured on digital devices and therefore consist a discrete number samples. To enrich or simplify this information, several verifiers employ resampling interpolation preprocessing step to improve their results; however, design decisions may be diffic...

Abstract In this research work we introduce a new sampling design, namely two-stage cluster sampling, where probability proportional to size with replacement is used in the first stage unit and ranked set second order address issue of marked variability sizes population units concerned sampling. We obtained an unbiased estimator mean total, as well variance estimator. calculated relative effici...