Calligonum mongolicum is a successful pioneer shrub to combat desertification, which is widely used for vegetation restoration in the desert regions of northwest China. In order to reveal the limitations to natural regeneration of C. mongolicum by asexual and sexual reproduction, following the process of sand dune stabilization, we assessed clonal shoots, seedling emergence, soil seed bank dens...

The Ping River, located in northern Thailand, is facing various challenges due to the impacts of climate change, dam operations, and sand mining, leading riverbank erosion deposition. To monitor accretion, this study employs remote sensing GIS technology, utilizing five water indices: Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified (MNDWI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation (SAVI), Ratio (WRI), Autom...

Solutions to Monge-Kantorovich equations, expressing optimality condition in mass transportation problem with cost equal to distance, are stationary points of a critical-slope model for sand surface evolution. Using a dual variational formulation of sand model, we compute both the optimal transport density and Kantorovich potential as t → ∞ limit of evolving sand flux and sand surface, respecti...

Most of the Tylenchulus semipenetrans larvae applied on the surface of four soils in pots 14.5-cm deep moved no further downward than 6.5 crn, and remained in the upper half of the pot. The percentage of second-stage larvae that developed into adult females on 'Homosassa' sweet orange in the soils were: sandy loam, 6.8% in the same soil with inoculation holes, 8.6%; loamy sand, 5.4%; coarse san...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis remains a global health problem because of the substantial holes that remain in our understanding of sand fly ecology and the failure of traditional vector control methods. The specific larval food source is unknown for all but a few sand fly species, and this is particularly true for the vectors of Leishmania parasites. We provide methods and materials that could be us...

Salting is done to extend the shelf life of duck eggs. A variety media can be used for salting eggs, including a mixture salt, sand, red brick, sawdust, and brewed tea. Salted eggs are popular among general public, but they contain lot fat, which, if consumed in excess, cause blood vessel blockage (atherosclerosis). Green tea plant that has many benefits, one which it help people lose weight. D...

Sand fields develop different patterns, such as sandbars, sand ridges, sand ripples, sand dunes, and river dunes. These vary in shape from crescent to ridge-like patterns. They are formed in areas such as deserts, lakes and seashores, where winds or fluid flows are strong and tend to blow from one direction or oscillate. There is a great deal of order in these patterns: perhaps a simple model c...