The tropical western Pacific (TWP) includes a large expanse of tropical ocean whose substantial variability has been associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon. Several diagnostic studies have shown that the climatic variation in this region is associated with variability in other parts of the globe. Recent campaigns such as the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocea...

Climatic changes threaten the planet. Most articles related to the subject present estimates of the disasters expected to occur, but few have proposed ways to deal with the impending menaces. One such threat is the global warming caused by the continuous increase in CO2 emissions leading to rising ocean levels due to the increasing temperatures of the polar regions. This threat is assumed to ev...

Observations of the optical properties of the ocean are important for resolving several issues, including primary productivity, biogeochemical cycling, health of the ocean (e.g., harmful algal blooms), upper ocean heating, and underwater visibility. The present review describes some enabling technologies that can be used to greatly increase the variety and quantity of optical observations and t...

We examine the variability of the ocean’s thermohaline circulation in a Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM) coupled to a two dimensional atmospheric Energy Balance Model (EBM). The EBM calculates air temperatures by balancing heat fluxes, including that from the ocean surface; air temperature and ocean circulation evolve together without imposed temperature restrictions except specificatio...

This paper intends to explore rice yield fluctuations large-scale atmospheric circulation indices (LACIs) in Bangladesh. The annual dataset of climate-derived index (CDYI), estimated using principal component analysis Aus data 23 districts, and five LACIs for the period 1980–2017 were used this purpose. key outcomes study as follows: three sub-regions Bangladesh, northern, northwestern, northea...

The climate of the earth is controlled by an interplay among many competing physical processes operating in the atmo-sphere and the ocean and on land. Of the many questions facing today’s climatologists, two seem particularly urgent. Is the balance among those processes being affected by human activities? And if so, how large are the resulting climatic changes relative to natural climatic varia...

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission being considered by NASA has, as one of its main objectives, to measure ocean topography with centimeter scale accuracy over kilometer scale spatial resolution. This paper investigates the impact of ocean waves on SWOT’s projected performance. Several effects will be examined: volumetric decorrelation, aliasing of ocean waves, backscattering...

The Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network-II (AOSN-II) and Adaptive Sampling And Prediction (ASAP) projects aim to develop a sustainable, portable, adaptive ocean observing and prediction system for use in coastal environments. These projects employ, among other observation platforms, autonomous underwater vehicles that carry sensors to measure physical and biological signals in the ocean. The meas...

Introduction: Estimates of the global inventory of water on Mars based on a determination of the amount of water required to erode the outflow channels suggest that a quantity equivalent to a global ocean 0.5 to 1 km deep may be stored in the planet’s subsurface [1, 2]. As this inventory post dates the timing of the most efficient processes that may have lead to its removal, the majority of thi...

The field of surface wind blowing over the vast ocean areas is an important parameter for numerical models used for weather forecasts. Surface wind is currently measured from satellites. This provides necessary global coverage; however, measurements of high winds meet some difficulties due to weak dependency of the radarand radiometric signals on the wind velocity at high winds. In [1] a new me...