INTRODUCTION First described by Von Recklinghausen in 1891, fibrous dysplasia is a developmental defect of osseous tissue such that bone is produced with an abnormally thin cortex and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue that demonstrates characteristic ground-glass appearance on x-ray examination. The underlying defect in fibrous dysplasia is a mutation of the GNAS1 gene, which leads to cons...

INTRODUCTION Double-layered patella is a rare intra-articular disorder associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present a case of a 40-year old man with acute pain in his left knee after a tackle during soccer play. DISCUSSION Clinical examination and radiographs confirmed the diagnosis of a bilateral double-layered patella with traumatic separation of the osse...

  Background: Children with myelomeningocele (MMC) develop a wide variety of hip deformities such as muscle imbalance, contracture, subluxation, and dislocation. Various methods and indications have been introduced for treatment of muscle imbalances and other hip problems in patients with MMC but there is no study or meta-analysis to compare the results and complications. This review aims to fi...