We generalize Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage SCRAP to the case of two and three degenerate-level manifolds. The analysis of a degenerate-level system is facilitated by its subdivision into a set of smaller independently evolving subsystems corresponding to the minimal-sized invariant subspaces of the Hamiltonian. Population transfer from the starting to the final level is examined for di...

In the current recycling system of end-of-life (EoL) appliances, which is based on shredding, alloying elements tend to end up in the scrap of base metals. The uncontrolled mixing of alloying elements contaminates secondary metals and calls for dilution with primary metals. Active disassembling fastener (ADF) is a design for disassembly (DfD) technology that is expected to solve this problem by...

EPQ model; Replenishment lot size; Multiple deliveries; Random defective items; Production; Rework; Scrap items. Abstract This paper derives the optimal replenishment lot size and shipment policy for an Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model with multiple deliveries and rework of random defective items. The classic EPQmodel assumes a continuous inventory issuing policy for satisfying demand a...

The waste photographic films/X-ray contains 1.5 2 % (w/w) black metallic silver which is recovered and reused. Around 18-20% of the world's silver needs are supplied by recycling photographic waste. Silver is a precious metal, further silver has wide uses like in jewellery, dentistry, photography, mirrors, optics, industries, etc. So the recovery of silver is beneficial in industrial, chemical ...

Recently, "meltless" recycling techniques have been presented for the light metals category, targeting both energy and material savings by bypassing the final recycling step of remelting. In this context, the use of spark plasma sintering (SPS) is proposed in this paper as a novel solid-state recycling technique. The objective is two-fold: (I) to prove the technical feasibility of this approach...