Acclimatization to moderate high altitude accompanied by training at low altitude (living high-training low) has been shown to improve sea level endurance performance in accomplished, but not elite, runners. Whether elite athletes, who may be closer to the maximal structural and functional adaptive capacity of the respiratory (i.e., oxygen transport from environment to mitochondria) system, may...

This review focuses on mercury speciation in the Adriatic Sea, a marginal sea of the Mediterranean, which represents its distinct biogeochemical subunit due to anthropogenic mercury loadings. The current knowledge about mercury cycling in the Adriatic is presented through an overview of the state of the art of research in this area: temporal and spatial distributions and occurrence of mercury s...

[1] The velocity and transport, with thermohaline properties, are determined from simultaneous moored time series within Mindoro, Tablas and Panay Straits that connect the South China Sea (SCS) and Sibuyan Sea to the Sulu Sea. These passages provide the only pathway for the SCS throughflow below thermocline depths and play a critical role in regulating the heat and freshwater balance within the...

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is considered central to the heat budgets of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Temperature and ocean current time series obtained within the Makassar Strait from December 1996 to early July 1998 are used to calculate heat transport of the ITF and assess its influence on Indian Ocean heat divergence. Velocity and temperature values for the surface layer that were no...

Over the last 5 million years, the global climate system has evolved toward a colder mean state, marked by large-amplitude oscillations in continental ice volume. Equatorward expansion of polar waters and strengthening temperature gradients have been detected. However, the response of the mid latitudes and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere is not well documented, despite the potential i...

The recent first-field phase of Indian Ocean Experiment has provided various types of aerosol data over the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. Using optical sensors on-board numerous satellites, global aerosol parameters have been estimated by many workers. In this communication, we have used IRS P4 OCM data to retrieve the aerosol parameters over the Arabian Sea and the Bay o...

The objectives of this research program are 1) to characterize the structure of the river plumes and coastal currents in the western Adriatic Sea and their influence on sediment dispersal from Alpine and Appenine rivers; 2) to assess the relative contributions of Alpine and Apennine rivers to the clinoform development in the Adriatic, and to determine the delivery mechanisms of these different ...

This paper presents the methodology and research results on identification of potential users of the ESABALT system, which is targeted towards improving the situational awareness in the Baltic Sea region. We describe the technique of analysing the stakeholders involved in maritime sector processes, especially in maritime transport processes, while also taking into account their differen...

[1] The currently available theoretical and observational evidence for a latitudinal structure of thermocline vertical diffusivity is synthesized and included in a state of the art coupled climate model. Compared to the standard background value of 0.1 cm s , the simulations with the latitudinal structure show only little change in the meridional overturning circulation or northward heat transp...

Acid deposition is one of the most important environmental issues in East Asia including Japan. The long range transport of acidic species from Asian continent to Japan islands cause large amount of acid deposition especially in winter. These phenomena are strongly affected by the precipitation on the sea, however, it is not easy to get enough information on it. This study aims to develop a sim...