UNLABELLED Aims/Introduction:  Heparan sulfate (HS) mediates a variety of molecular recognition events that are essential for differentiation, morphogenesis and homeostasis through various HS forms that result from differential sulfate modification. Recently, we found that HS is localized exclusively around βß-cells in islets of adult mice and is required for insulin secretion. The aim of this ...

We evaluated the role of ATP-sensitive K⁺ (K(ATP)) channels, somatostatin, and Zn²⁺ in the control of glucagon secretion from mouse islets. Switching from 1 to 7 mmol/L glucose inhibited glucagon release. Diazoxide did not reverse the glucagonostatic effect of glucose. Tolbutamide decreased glucagon secretion at 1 mmol/L glucose (G1) but stimulated it at 7 mmol/L glucose (G7). The reduced gluca...

It has long been believed that the cortical actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in regulating the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. In this study, we investigated the control of actin dynamics in primary neuroendocrine cells and determined the relationship of actin dynamics to various components of the secretory response. The amount of cortical f-actin in chromaffin cells was ...

All nematodes possess an external structure known as the cuticle, which is crucial for their development and survival. This structure is composed primarily of collagen, which is secreted from the underlying hypodermal cells. Extensive studies using the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate that formation of the cuticle requires the activity of an extensive range of enzymes. En...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in pediatric and adolescent patients is rare, and it is associated with various clinical symptoms. We introduce the case of an 8-year-old boy with ACC who presented with peripheral precocious puberty at his first visit. He displayed penis enlargement with pubic hair and facial acne. His serum adrenal androgen levels were elevated, and abdominal computed tomography...

Oral CDCA and UDCA have different effects on gut pancreatic hormone secretion. A single dose of increased fasting secretion the hormones GLP-1 OXM with an accompanying increase in insulin also reduced postprandial GIP secretion, which was associated insulin. In contrast, did not change or postprandially. could be beneficial to patients obesity diabetes.

Reaction of human neutrophils with aggregated immunoglobulin on nonphagocytosable surfaces results in secretion of granule enzymes (exocytosis of granules) and stimulation of glucose oxidation by the nexose monophosphate pathway (HMP). The role of HMP stimulation in the enzyme secretion and some requirements for the two neutrophil activities have been examined. It was found that (a) HMP stimula...

This study aimed to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of renin secretion from renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Using primary cultures of mouse renal JG cells, we found that sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholino-sydnonimin-hydrochloride (SIN-1), two structurally different liberators of NO, led to a transient inhibition during the first hour followed by a marked dose-...

background: receptor for advanced glycation end products (rage) plays a causative role in diabetes. garlic (allium sativum) belongs to compounds with anti-glycation activity that can be considered as probable therapeutic approaches in delaying or preventing the onset of diabetes complications. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of garlic on the rage expression and proinflammato...

Proteinase-activated receptors (PAR(1)-PAR(4)) belong to a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are cleaved by proteases. Previous in vitro studies on the mouse large intestine have indicated that PAR(1) and PAR(2) were involved in regulating epithelial ion transport, but that their roles were different between the proximal and distal colon. This present study was done to elucidate the ro...