background& aims: the mortality rate for breast cancer is directly related to the stage of disease at diagnosis. the present study aimed to determine the influencing factors on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women regarding breast cancer and its screening methods.material & methods: in a cross- sectional study, evaluated 383 women referring health centers of ilam. sampling was d...

in this paper, the lorentzian version of beltrami-euler formula is investigated in 1n . initially,the first fundamental form and the metric coefficients of generalized timelike ruled surface are calculated and by the help of the christoffel symbols, riemann-christoffel curvatures are obtained. thus, the curvatures of spacelike and timelike tangential sections of generalized timelike ruled surf...

conclusions the present study reports the characteristics of iranian hookah smokers. most hookah smokers were educated young adults, who often smoked at home or in teahouses and in the company of friends. the majority of the participants smoked fruit-flavored tobacco and had no desire or intention to quit smoking. further studies in this field are required and hookah smoking should also be inco...

background: vaccination status is more often evaluated by up-to-date vaccination coverage rather than timeliness of immunization. this study was conducted to evaluate delayed vaccination during infancy period and to determine the predictors effecting on vaccination delay. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted from june to september 2011 in hamadan province, the west of iran, recruit...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of refractive errors, strabismus and amblyopia in the schoolboys of varamin city, iran methods : in a cross-sectional population-based study in 2010, we used random cluster sampling to select the participants from varamin high school students. examinations were conducted at the school site under standard conditions. all students had non-cycloplegic refracti...