Economic theory highlights the critical importance of excludability in encouraging private research and development in the agri-food sector. Without it, private research will languish and social welfare could suffer. Since 1970 governments around the world have recognized this and strengthened the legal protections for biotechnology processes and products (e.g. patents, plant breeders’ rights a...

The removal of high levels of protection combined with substantial real devaluations has changed the environment in which Ghanaian manufacturing firms have operated in the 1990s. The changes in output, composition and productivity, which have occurred over this period, are examined in this paper. Survey evidence for the growth of the sector is shown to be consistent with data from sales tax ret...

The need for reforming public healthcare towards greater efficiency and measurable returns on investment has been felt by governments in many countries. In Ireland, this led to the PPARS project, which sought to implement SAP across all public healthcare sites. This project, however, was unsuccessful and led to a parliamentary inquiry. To understand why the PPARS project failed, we carried out ...

This research aims to analyze the effect of economic value added, inflation, net profit margin, and dividend yield on stock returns with company as a moderating variable either partially or simultaneously. The scope is coal sub-sector companies that listed Indonesia exchange (BEI) for period 2015-2021, using purposive sampling technique, 6 were obtained samples. analysis technique used are mult...

This study aims to determine and analyze the factors that influence stock returns in manufacturing companies food beverage sub-sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. These consist of liquidity, profitability, accounting profit, cash flow, inflation, leverage. The population this were 19 Exchange (IDX). Sampling using purposive sampling method was used research sample so 13 samples or 65 uni...

Public sector spending on health care clearly has a positive economic impact on local communities. Not only does such spending provide residents with better health care, but it is widely recognized as an investment that returns continual dividends in the form of better jobs, higher incomes, and additional state and local tax revenues. The results of a static input/output model shows that public...

The existing literature establishes possibilities of local determinacy and dynamic indeterminacy in continuous-time two-sector models of endogenous growth with social constant returns. The necessary and sufficient condition for local determinacy is that the factor intensity rankings of the two sectors are consistent in the private/physical and social/value sense. The necessary and sufficient co...

The paper analyzes an economy with an agrarian and an industrial sector. Demand is determined by Engel's Law. Population growth follows a non{linear income dependent path according to the theory of demographic transition. In case of decreasing returns to scale in the agrarian sector the existence of a stable low{income equilibrium with high population growth can be shown. If this equilibrium is...

Venture Capital (VC) plays an important role in the commercialisation of innovation. Sectors like information and communication technologies and biotech account for two-thirds of all VC investments. Little attention has been paid to understanding how the venture capital market extends to new industries. Based on a survey of European energy technology VCs, we discuss the factors determining the ...

This paper shows, in a two-sector Malthusian model of endogenous population growth, that output per capita, population density, and industrialization depend upon the labor intensity of agricultural production. Because the diminishing returns to labor are less pronounced, high labor intensity (as in rice production) leads not only to a larger population density but also to lower output per capit...