Estrogen deficiency following menopause results in atrophic skin changes and acceleration of skin aging. Estrogens significantly modulate skin physiology, targeting keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and improve angiogenesis, wound healing and immune responses. Estrogen insufficiency decreases defense against oxidative stress; skin becomes thinner with...

BACKGROUND Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an often-used murine model for human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Earlier studies have shown potent anti-arthritic effects with the female sex hormone estradiol and the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene in CIA in DBA/1-mice. B10.Q-ncf1*/*mice are B10.Q mice with a mutated Ncf1 gene. In B10.Q-ncf1*/*mice, CIA develops as a chroni...

Attention should be drawn to the study by colleagues Saito O et al. published in the International journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (1). The study suggests that raloxifene has a significant beneficial effect on bone in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (2DM) undergoing hemodialysis (1). Hemodialysis patients are known to have a high risk of low bone mineral density and bone fract...

The present study investigated the effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), on aortic atherosclerosis in 80 ovariectomized, cholesterol-fed rabbits with pre-induced atherosclerosis. The animals were fed an atherogenic diet containing 240 mg cholesterol/day for 15 weeks, after this period a baseline control group was sacrificed. Thereafter, oral treatment was initiat...

Introduction. The elderly are at high risk of developing osteosarcopenia, which is characterized by the coexistence osteoporosis and sarcopenia. There many factors that affect interaction between bones muscles: genetics, hormones, nervous system, aging, cardiac rhythm, nutrition. Pathophysiology osteosarcopenia. Risk include: age 50 years over, sex, Caucasian race, genetic predisposition, short...

background: phytoestrogens, a group of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds have recently come into considerable attention due to the increasing information on their potential adverse effects in human health. some of phytoestrogens show estrogenic activity that may be carcinogenic for human. in the present study, we investigated the transcriptional effects of variety of phytoestrogens on the bo...

Mechanisms implicated in protective potential of estrogens are poorly understood. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), presents a neuroprotective effect against methamphetamine (MA)- and methoxy-phenyltetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced toxicity when used alone but abolishes estrogen's positive effects when combined with this hormone. In order to understand tamoxifen's prote...

Bazedoxifene acetate is a novel, chemically distinct selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been specifically developed after a stringent preclinical screening in order to obtain favorable effects on the skeleton and lipid metabolism with the additional improvement of a neutral effect on hot flushes and without stimulating the uterus or the breast. In both preclinical and clinica...

BACKGROUND In patients with early-stage breast cancer, 5 years of treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen reduces breast cancer recurrence and mortality, whereas more than 5 years of tamoxifen does not further reduce breast cancer recurrence and doubles the risk of endometrial cancer. We evaluated the effects on tumor growth of raloxifene, another SERM, after t...

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a classical protein that plays crucial role in mediating multiple signaling pathways various target organs. It has been shown ER-targeting therapies inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, enhance neuronal protection, and promote osteoclast formation. Several drugs have designed to specifically ER ER-positive (ER+) cancer, including selective modulators (SERM) su...