We describe a possible mechanism for the formation of direction- and velocity-selective cells in visual cortex through spike-timing dependent learning. We contrast the case where only feedforward excitation and inhibition signals are provided to visual neurons with the case where both feedforward and feedback signals are provided. In the feedforward-only case, neurons become selective for a bro...

Children with selective mutism (SM) display a failure to speak in select situations despite speaking when comfortable. The purpose of this study was to obtain valid assessments of receptive and expressive language in 33 children (ages 5 to 12) with SM. Because some children with SM will speak to parents but not a professional, another purpose was to explore the efficacy of employing parents to ...

Cortical maps and feedback connections are ubiquitous features of the visual cerebral cortex. The role of the feedback connections, however, is unclear. This study was aimed at revealing possible organizational relationships between the feedback projections from area V2 and the functional maps of orientation and retinotopy in area V1. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals was combined with cytoc...

Negative feedback from horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors is regarded as the critical pathway for the formation of the antagonistic surround of retinal neurons, yet the mechanism by which horizontal cells accomplish negative feedback has been difficult to determine. Recent evidence suggests that feedback uses a novel, non-GABAergic pathway that directly modulates the calcium current in con...

During the past decade, multiple-antenna transmission (MIMO) systems have matured. However, when comparing their potential capacities with their achieved through-puts, we notice large gaps. The price for the MIMO advantages is increased cost for the transceiver hardware and antenna subsystems, combined with high algorithmic complexity in baseband processing and protocols. For instance, water fi...

Since the emergence of the process-oriented approach to second language writing instruction two main questions have been what and how error feedback should be given to the students. The question of whether teachers should provide feedback on grammar in the writing assignments of English as a foreign language students, and if so how, has been a matter of considerable debate in the field of secon...

We investigated group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) modulation of glutamatergic input onto hilar-border interneurones and its regulation of feedback inhibition in the dentate gyrus. Selective activation of group II mGluRs with (2S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2',3'-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) depressed mossy fibre (MF)-evoked excitatory drive to these interneurones with significantly grea...

Feed-forward only convolutional neural networks (CNNs) may ignore intrinsic relationships and potential benefits of feedback connections in vision tasks such as saliency detection, despite their significant representation capabilities. In this work, we propose a feedback-recursive framework (SalFBNet) for detection. The proposed model can learn abundant contextual representations by bridging re...

the purpose of present study was to determine the effect of different levels of balance task difficulty and visual feedback on balance in elderly women. fourteen healthy elderly women (mean age 57/65 yr) were selected voluntarily. participants were asked to stand still on a stability platform under each of two conditions (with visual feedback and without visual feedback) in three levels of diff...