We consider the initial-boundary value problem for an inhomogeneous time-fractional diffusion equation with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, a vanishing initial data and a nonsmooth right-hand side in a bounded convex polyhedral domain. We analyse two semidiscrete schemes based on the standard Galerkin and lumped mass finite element methods. Almost optimal error estimates are obtaine...

with the prevalence of every type of cancer increasing globally, the inability to treat and the severe side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy are some of the biggest problems facing cancer patients and their physicians.1many herbal medicines have replaced their chemical rivals; for example, emetine lost its ground to metronidazole as an amoebicidal agent, and digoxin has given its...

This is a survey of some reinforcement learning algorithms for risk-sensitive control on infinite horizon. Basics of the risk-sensitive control problem are recalled, notably the corresponding dynamic programming equation and the value and policy iteration methods for its solution. Basics of stochastic approximation algorithms are also sketched, in particular the ‘o.d.e.’ approach for its stabil...

Synthetic hormones and bioactive substances (vitamins, pigments and isoflavons) which have been used in the feed industry are accumulated in milk, meat and eggs. It is suspected that these are responsible for a number of side-effects such as carcinogenesis, liver and kidney damage, allergies in consumers. Furthermore the synthetic hormones, vitamins, pigments are less active than those extracte...

The radio frequency identification (RFID) enables identifying an object remotely via radio waves. This feature has been used in a huge number of applications, reducing dramatically the costs in some production processes. Nonetheless, it also poses serious privacy and security risks to them. Thus, researchers have presented secure schemes that prevent attackers from misusing the information whic...