The multi-subunit complex Elongator interacts with elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and is thought to facilitate transcription through histone acetylation. Elongator is highly conserved in eukaryotes, yet has multiple kingdom-specific functions in diverse organisms. Recent genetic studies performed in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that Elongator functions in plant growth and development, a...

In this paper we propose a model to describe the mechanisms by which undifferentiated cells attain gene configurations underlying cell fate determination during morphogenesis. Despite the complicated mechanisms that surely intervene in this process, it is clear that the fundamental fact is that cells obtain spatial and temporal information that bias their destiny. Our main hypothesis assumes th...

We have previously cloned a gene for a zinc finger protein (EPF1) that is expressed specifically in petals and interacts with the promoter region of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene in petunia. In an attempt to isolate genes encoding additional factors that interact with this promoter, we cloned four novel genes encoding zinc finger proteins (EPF2-5a, EPF2-5b, EPF2-4, and EP...

Gene expression is regulated by transcription factors, which play many significant developmental processes. SQUAMOSA promoter-binding proteins (SBP) perform a variety of regulatory functions in leaf, flower, and fruit development, plant architecture, and sporogenesis. 16 SBP genes were identified in pineapple and were divided into four groups on basis of phylogenetic analysis. Five paralogs in ...

Premise Floral spurs are key innovations associated with elaborate pollination mechanisms that have evolved independently several times across angiosperms. Spur formation can shift the floral symmetry from radial to bilateral, as it is case in Tropaeolum, only member of Brassicales nectar spurs. The genetic underlying both spur and bilateral family not yet been investigated. Methods We studied ...

How organisms determine particular organ numbers is a fundamental key to the development of precise body structures; however, the developmental mechanisms underlying organ-number determination are unclear. In many eudicot plants, the primordia of sepals and petals (the floral organs) first arise sequentially at the edge of a circular, undifferentiated region called the floral meristem, and late...

Cell fate specification in development requires transcription factors for proper regulation of gene expression. In Arabidopsis, transcription factors encoded by four classes of homeotic genes, A, B, C and E, act in a combinatorial manner to control proper floral organ identity. The A-class gene APETALA2 (AP2) promotes sepal and petal identities in whorls 1 and 2 and restricts the expression of ...

statement of the problem: anatomic variation can potentially impact the surgical safety. purpose: the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of ostiomeatal complex variations based on cone beam computed tomography (cbct) images of the patients seeking rhinoplasty. materials and method: in this cross-sectional study, cbct images of 281 patients including 153 female an...

this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of high co2 modified atmosphere packaging (map) on storage quality of ‘selva’ strawberry fruits. the statistical analysis carried out using factorial experiment by completely randomized design (crd) with three replications. treatments included cover in two levels (polyethylene and polyamide) and two different gas compositions (2% o2 + 15% co2 + 83...

Abstract Species-level taxonomy is traditionally based on herbarium collections that typically include few, or even single, representatives per site. This can lead to underestimation of diversity when there are sympatric populations superficially similar plants belonging different lineages. Satyrium longicauda (Orchidaceae) represents a taxonomic challenge for the delimitation species boundarie...