We previously reported quantitation of gut microbiota in a panel of 89 different inbred strains of mice, and we now examine the question of sex differences in microbiota composition. When the total population of 689 mice was examined together, several taxa exhibited significant differences in abundance between sexes but a larger number of differences were observed at the single strain level, su...

Background: Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) is used to induce experimental anemia in animal models. On the other hand royal jelly is known as antioxidant compound. Therefore, here in present study we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of royal jelly on PHZ-induced damages in testicular tissue and compare its impact with vitamin C. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mature male mice were randomly divide...

Many neurological disorders affect men and women differently regarding prevalence, progression, and severity. It is clear that many of these disorders may originate from defective signaling during fetal or perinatal brain development, which may affect males and females differently. Such sex-specific differences may originate from chromosomal or sex-hormone specific effects. This short review wi...

This study was planned to investigate leptin levels under different models of nutrition and their relation with anthropometric parameters in early infancy. Sixty four infants (28 exclusively breast-fed, 15 exclusively formula-fed and 21 mixed-fed), aged 4 months were included and their leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels were measured. Leptin...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to formulate practice guidelines for endocrine treatment of transsexual persons. EVIDENCE This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence, which was low or very low. CONSENSUS PROCESS Committees and members of ...

PURPOSE Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic disease mainly affecting boys in prepubertal age and usually recovering after puberty. To evaluate a possible role of sex hormones in VKC, serum levels of sex hormones in children and adolescents with VKC were assessed. METHODS 12 prepubertal and 7 early pubertal boys with active VKC and 6 male patients with VKC in remission phas...

Research on healthy aging in men has increasingly focused on age-related hormonal changes. Testosterone (T) decline is primarily investigated, while age-related changes in other sex steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], estradiol [E2], progesterone [P]) are mostly neglected. An integrated hormone parameter reflecting aging processes in men has yet to be identified. 271 self-reporting healthy...