Eastern Estonia has large oil shale mines and industrial facilities mainly focused on electricity generation from oil shale and shale oil extraction, which produce high air pollution emissions. The "Study of the health impact of the oil shale sector-SOHOS" was aimed at identifying the impacts on residents' health and annoyance due to the industrial processing. First, a population-wide survey ab...

The Upper Devonian Chattanooga Shale of central Tennessee, a classical black shale, was deposited in an epicontinental setting, west of the Appalachian foredeep. Its finely laminated and highly carbonaceous nature is commonly interpreted to indicate deposition in comparatively deep and stagnant water. Interbeds of bioturbated greenish-gray shale, indicating oxygenated bottom waters, are commonl...

Abstract The shale fracture characteristics are important for realizing the complex hydraulic network, predicting wellbore pressure, and optimizing trajectory rock fragmentation efficiency. Through a three-point bending test of notched semicircular specimens Longmaxi shale, coupled relationship mode-I toughness (Kic), peak force (Pmax), energy release rate (GI), applied work (W), loading was st...

We study how much private mineral owners capture geologically-driven advantages in well productivity through a higher royalty rate. Using proprietary data from nearly 1.8 million leases, we estimate that the six major shale plays generated $39 billion in private royalties in 2014. There is limited pass-through of resource abundance into royalty rates. A doubling of the ultimate recovery of the ...

This paper is concerned with the experimental identification of some chemoporoelastic parameters of a chemically reactive shale from data obtained in pore pressure transmission-chemical potential tests. The parameter identification is carried out by matching the observed pressure response with a theoretical solution of the experiment. This solution is obtained within the framework of Biot theor...

objectives: the aim of this study was to examine the effects of consecutively supervised core stability training on postural control and functional disability in female patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. methods: twenty nine female participants with non-specific chronic low back pain participated in the study. they were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (10 day...

Activating the natural fracture (NF) during hydraulic (HF) propagation is a dominant factor for forming complex network in shale reservoirs. On basis of Renshaw and Pollard’s criterion intersection, we simulate NF stability under dynamic disturbance HF reservoirs with cohesive zone model ABAQUS analyze effects various factors on stability. The results show that activation NFs fracturing control...