BACKGROUND Regions in the vasculature exposed to steady laminar flow have a lower likelihood for atherosclerosis than regions exposed to disturbed flow with low shear stress. We previously found that laminar flow of short duration inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-mediated proinflammatory signaling in cultured endothelial cells (ECs). However, mechanisms responsible for the atheroprot...

three cases who underwent surgery in different areas of the craniofacial region were reported with bradycardia developing intraoperatively during flap traction. many cases of the oculocardiac reflex during treatment of the orbital region have been reported in the literature. this manuscript recorded that reflex bradycardia can occur during traction or stretching of any structure innervated by t...

Crack propagation along one of the interfaces between a thin ductile adhesive layer and the elastic substrates it joins is considered. The layer is taken as being elastic-plastic, and the fracture process of the interface is modeled by a traction-separation law, characterized by the peak separation stress 6 and the work of separation per unit area To. Crack growth resistance curves for mode I l...

Growth cones are required for the forward advancement and navigation of growing axons. Modulation of growth cone shape and reorientation of the neurite are responsible for the change of outgrowth direction that underlies navigation. Change of shape involves the reordering of the cytoskeleton. Reorientation of the neurite requires the generation of tension, which is supplied by the ability of th...

Lung fibroblast functions such as matrix remodeling and activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are associated with expression of the myofibroblast phenotype and are directly linked to fibroblast capacity to generate force and deform the extracellular matrix. However, the study of fibroblast force-generating capacities through methods such as traction force microscopy is hin...

Reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) have been observed with the phase contrast imaging diagnostic and Mirnov coils during the sawtooth cycle in Alcator C-mod 1 plasmas with minority ion cyclotron resonance heating. Both down-chirping RSAEs and up-chirping RSAEs have been observed during the sawtooth cycle. Experimental measurements of the spatial structure of the RSAEs are compared to theo...

Recently, Inner permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines have been introduced as a possible traction motor in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and traction applications due to their unique merits. In order to achieve maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), optimization of the motor geometry parameters is necessary. This paper Presents a design method to achieve minimum volume, MTPA and minimum ...

We propose a new method for calculating a tight approximation to the distribution of the sum of independent lognormal random variables. We use a three-parameter modified-power-lognormal distribution function as the approximating distribution. We use theoretical results from our previous work on the tails of the distribution of the sum of lognormals to match the slope of the modified-power-logno...

In the Manning equation the hydraulic radius can be defined as the cross-section dimension of the shape. In pipe flow the bed shear stress is assumed to be uniformly distributed along the wetted perimeter which cannot be true in open channel flow. Hence, three approximation of the true boundary shear-stress distribution are examined and more practical conveyance depth or resistance radius formu...