The present study was designed to determine whether light-induced rod outer segment disc shedding occurs when the eye is isolated from the rest of the organism. Whole eye explants of Xenopus laevis were maintained in vitro and either exposed to 5 min of light or kept in darkness. In both the in vitro eyes and in vivo controls exposed to the same conditions, a significant degree of disc shedding...

Forty nine patients (19 adults and 30 children) with oocysts of Cryptosporidium in their faeces had repeated stool specimens taken until oocysts could no longer be identified. They were found in the stools up to 35 days after the onset of symptoms in one patient, but most had stopped shedding them by 20 days. In 25 of the 49 patients in whom symptoms could be compared with the shedding of oocys...

Previous work suggested that the circadian burst of outer segment disc shedding that occurs soon after the onset of light in the morning might be mediated by the pineal gland. In the present study the pineal glands of albino rats were either surgically removed or deafferented by bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy. Neither surgical procedures affected the burst of disc shedding at 2, 3, ...

Research in the area of power system, incorporating optimal power flow and optimal load shedding, has been used in classical dispatch problems to determine control adjustments to remove line overloads. This paper reports a rule-based load shedding in a ship power system. To filter critical outages and congestion cases, a load shedding rule-based system is implemented. The algorithm searches for...

L-selectin mediates the initial tethering and subsequent rolling of leucocytes along luminal walls of inflamed venules. TACE [TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha)-converting enzyme] is responsible for cleaving the membrane-proximal extracellular domain of L-selectin (also known as shedding), which reduces the efficiency of leucocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. Many reports have hig...

We examined the kinetics of shedding of the soluble TNF receptors (TNF-Rs) in response to TNF leakage during isolated limb perfusion procedures and correlated them to the resulting hemodynamic effects. Shedding of the TNF-Rs started 7 min after TNF leakage into the systemic circulation. Three waves of shedding were observed peaking at 1, 8-12, and 48-72 h both in vivo and in cell cultures. The ...

L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule that tethers free-flowing leukocytes from the blood to luminal vessel walls, facilitating the initial stages of their emigration from the circulation toward an extravascular inflammatory insult. Following shear-resistant adhesion to the vessel wall, L-selectin has frequently been reported to be rapidly cleaved from the plasma membrane (known as ectodomain ...

OBJECTIVES Loss of intestinal barrier function plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Shedding of intestinal epithelial cells is a potential cause of barrier loss during inflammation. The objectives of the study were (1) to determine whether cell shedding and barrier loss in humans can be detected by confocal endomicroscopy and (2) whether these paramet...

The physiologic role of L-selectin shedding is unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of L-selectin shedding on firm adhesion and transmigration. In a tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced model of inflammation, inhibition of L-selectin shedding significantly increased firm adhesion and transmigration by a lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)...

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. However, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. A structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinic...