During substorm growth phases, magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause extracts ∼1015 J from the solar wind which is then stored in the magnetotail lobes. Plasma sheet pressure increases to balance magnetic flux density increases in the lobes. Here we examine plasma sheet pressure, density, and temperature during substorm growth phases using 9 years of Cluster data (>316,000 data points). We ...

The Greenland ice sheet has become one of the main contributors to global sea level rise, predominantly through increased meltwater runoff. The main drivers of Greenland ice sheet runoff, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that clouds enhance meltwater runoff by about one-third relative to clear skies, using a unique combination of active satellite observations, climate model data ...

A case is made for the existence of permeability of current sheets in electromagnetic pulsed plasma thrusters. Permeability refers to the leakage of plasma or neutral particles behind the sheet and could cause a significant effect on the performance of the thruster. Analytical calculations are presented which demonstrate the mismatch between experimental velocity profiles and theoretical snowpl...

Non–linear effects in the dynamical evolution of a shearing sheet made of stars are studied. First the implications of hitherto neglected non–linearities of the Boltzmann equation for the dynamical evolution of the shearing sheet are investigated. Using a formalism developed previously on the basis of the linearized Boltzmann equation it is demonstrated that the inclusion of the non–linear term...

The design and characterization of an open eight-stranded beta-sheet in a synthetic, 2-fold symmetric 70-residue peptide is described. The design strategy involves the generation of a 35-residue four-stranded beta-sheet peptide in which successive hairpins are nucleated by appropriately positioned (D)Pro-Xxx sequences. Oxidative dimerization using a single Cys residue positioned at the center o...

This work addresses the problem of matching short excerpts of audio with their respective counterparts in sheet music images. We show how to employ neural networkbased cross-modality embedding spaces for solving the following two sheet music-related tasks: retrieving the correct piece of sheet music from a database when given a music audio as a search query; and aligning an audio recording of a...

A pulsed Nd:YAG laser with an approximately Gaussian beam shape is directed onto the surface of an aluminium sheet at an energy density below which damage by laser ablation occurs, generating Lamb waves in the sheet. The laser beam is raster scanned across the surface of the sample. The Lamb waves travel radially outwards from the generation point and are detected some distance away by an elect...

We claim that our paradigm of adaptive programming is a good solution for the problem of software evolution. We outline the ideas behind our existing tools, and propose signiicant extensions of them in a few directions and on many levels.

Ra is a native, minimal kernel for the Clouds distributed operating system. Clouds supports persistent virtual spaces, called objects and threads that direct computations through these spaces. Clouds is targeted to run in a compute-server — data-server environment, in which processing is done by threads executing on compute-servers (or workstations) and the objects will permanently residing on ...

FEATURES Pretrimmed for Type J (AD594) or Type K (AD595) Thermocouples Can Be Used with Type T Thermocouple Inputs Low Impedance Voltage Output: 10 mV/8C Built-In Ice Point Compensation Wide Power Supply Range: +5 V to 615 V Low Power: <1 mW typical Thermocouple Failure Alarm Laser Wafer Trimmed to 18C Calibration Accuracy Setpoint Mode Operation Self-Contained Celsius Thermometer Operation Hig...